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每个人都会根据自己的学习特点采取不同的学习方式,下面给大家推荐几种不同的背诵方法。
方法(一) (1)明确目的,集中精力 背诵一篇课文或者一段必须掌握的语句,最忌东张西望,漫不经心,注意力分散。如果是一篇很简单的文字,背了几天后仍老出错,这肯定是用心不专的缘故。至于出现“前记后忘”的现象,则是正常的,这时千万不要向这种暂时困难屈服而打退堂鼓。 (2)确定任务,寻找窍门 背诵一篇短文,仅仅读几遍是行不通的,一定要熟读到滚瓜烂熟的程度才行。开始时可短一些,容易一些,然后作一定幅度的调整。此外,背诵时还要讲究一定的技巧,熟读课文内容,理解课文大意,不仅不会记错和混淆,而且记住的数量也会越来越多。 (3)坚持复背,及时检查 复习背诵的时间用得越多,记住的效果就越佳。例如,早晨背诵过的课文或知识,晚上睡前以及第二天起床后,应进行一次复背,并在每周六或周日再作适当的温习背诵,以后过一个月再复背一次。这样,可保证很长一段时期不会遗忘。 (4)加强默写,强化训练 所谓“眼过千遍,不如手抄一遍”。采取默写手段,可有效地巩固已经背诵了的课文和知识,而且对加深记忆大有好处。因为文字本身就是一种图形和符号,经常默写可帮助我们促进右脑的开发。如果能切实做到循序渐进,长期进行默写训练,那么一定会有助于背诵的质量和效果。 方法(二) (1)反复阅读与再现相结合 单纯地反复阅读效果并不好,学习者应该在文章还没有完全记住前积极进行尝试再现,回忆不起来时再阅读。这样容易记住,而且保持时间也长。特别生疏的语句,注意多尝试再现几次。因为尝试再现是一种比阅读更积极的智力活动,又是一种自我检查的过程,使人更能集中精力,掌握识记内容的重点、难点,并及时改正记忆中的错误。 (2)试背 背诵过程中,如果出现“卡壳”,应该进行追忆。追忆是有意和间接再现的形式,它需要付出很大的意志力,克服一定的困难,多方面寻找线索,进行积极灵活的思维。因此,不能一“卡壳”,就立即停止背诵。 (3)熟背 文章通过理解消化,已纳入自己的知识系统,语句通过熟读试背,也已朗朗上口,如果再反复朗读几遍,就能流利地背诵下来。检查方式,除了个人和集体背诵外,还有对背,即两人面对面同时背诵,因为有对方干扰,可锻炼学生记忆的深刻性和正确性;提背,即打哪提,从哪背,提到哪,背到哪,可锻炼学生记忆的准确性。 (4)默写 这也是运用内部语言背诵的一种形式,既用脑,又动手,可加深对文章的记忆。一篇文章,就这样一段一段地把它“吃掉”。最后,遵循“整体→部分→整体”的原则,按照背诵各段的方法,再把全篇串联起来,进行背诵。 另外,为了使所背诵的内容长久地保持在头脑中,以便在实践中及时提取应用,学习者还应注意两点:一是遵循遗忘规律,合理安排复习。既要有天天背诵检查,又要每周集中安排一次背诵检查。不断强化记忆痕迹,避免其减弱或消退。二是根据识记程度对遗忘进程的影响,注意安排过度学习。实验表明,过度学习的效果优于适度学习的效果。所谓适度学习是指在识记材料刚刚达到背诵程度就中止的学习。而过度学习是指对识记材料达到背诵之后还继续进行学习。 ====================================================== 第一天,背第一课10遍。 第二天,背第二课10遍,复习第一课5遍。 第三天,背第三课10遍,复习第二课5遍。复习第一课5遍。 第四天,背第四课10遍,复习第三课5遍,复习第二课5遍。复习第一课2遍。 第五天,背第五课10遍,复习第四课5遍,复习第三课5遍。复习第二课2遍。 。。。 第六十天,背第六十课10遍,复习第59课5遍,复习第58课5遍。复习第57课2遍。 以上,每天2个半小时左右。 第六十一天,复习第一单元20课。 第六十二、三天,复习第二单元20课。 第六十四、五、六天,复习第三单元20课。 再加上当中可能出现的意外,多算10天吧。七十五天可以把新三背到“不忘”的程度。英文会有一个飞跃。 |
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agree vi.同意;持相同意见I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。
sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见 sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人 agree to sb 建议 agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree to do sth 同意干某事 break vt.打破;损坏;破坏 We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。 break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话 11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。 break in 闯入,插话 break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息 break out (战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式) break through 打破包围 break up 驱散,学校的放学 The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。 break away from 脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/改变某种习惯 bring vt.拿来;带来;取来 I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。 bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降 bring force 使产生,引起 bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前 bring in =get in the pops/使得到某种收入 Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生:喔…您能允许我带些榴莲吗?它是我姐姐最喜欢的水果。 bring back to one's mind 使回想起 bring up sb 抚养某人 bring up sth 提出 bring up 呕吐 bring to an end 结束=come to an end call vt.叫喊;打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。 call on sb 拜访,号召 call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠 call for 需要 And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生 有你的电话。 call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事 call off 取消(计划,比赛) call out (call out+to sb.)大声地叫 call up sb 打电话 call in 请进来 We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天後打电话。 carry vt.携带;运载;传送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行 4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。 carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把 garbage 运到外面去。 carry on 进行下去,坚持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引 carry forward 推进,发扬(精神) carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品 carry through 进行到底,完成计划 carry sb through 使...渡过难关 catch vt.捉;抓住 vi.接住 We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。 catch up 赶上 33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。 catch on 勾住,绊倒 catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。 be caught in the rain 被雨淋 catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作 clear a.清澈[晰]的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear up (天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散 clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除 come vi.到来; 变得; 到达 May I come in? 我能进来吗? come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到 come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去 Oh, come on now. 噢 别这样了。 come at 向...扑过来,向...袭击 7. We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。 come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒 come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事 come in 进来,上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗 come from 来自于 I come from Japan. 我来自日本。 come out 出来,出发,结果 Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有 ? come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解 When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你? come up sb 走进 come up 种子生长发育,被提出 and I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。 come to one's rescuers 帮助 come true 实现 I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。 cut v.割,切,削减,切断 they cut patches 剪下布块 cut sth in half 把...砍成两半 cut away 切除 He cut away a dead branch.他砍掉一根枯干的树枝。 cut through 走近路,剌穿 cut down 砍倒,减少,压缩(开支) cut off 切断(关系,来往),中止(电话,思维) 3. He was cut off from his fellows.他和同伴失去联系。 cut out 删掉/改掉(恶习),停止 in a short cut 诀窍 do v.aux.助动词(无词意) What do you call this in English? 这个用英语怎么说? do with 涉及到 What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿这些书怎么办? do up one's hair 盘起长发 do up sth 包/捆起来 do out 打扫,收拾 do away with =get rid of 废除,去掉,取消 die vi.死亡; 枯死; 熄灭 I will die before I'll eat that carrot. 如果要我吃胡萝卜,我宁愿去死。 dir from 因饥渴,战争,被污染的意外死亡 die off 因年老,疾病而死亡 die away 声音变弱,渐渐消失/停息,消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火) die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,灭绝(动物) fall vi.落下;跌倒;陷落 to fall 坠下,掉下 fall a sleep 去睡觉=go to sleep fall ill 病了 335. Be careful not to fall ill. 注意不要生病了。 fall across 遇见(偶然) fall back 后退,后撤 fall behind 落后,跟不上 fall in 集合/陷入 29. The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in production.战争带来的必然结果就是生产力下降。 fall into 陷入+名词 A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。 fall off 减少,从...摔下来 to fall off a bench 从长椅上掉下来 fall on 看到,落在...上面 fall short of 缺乏 fall out of 放弃 get vi.变得,成为;到达 When do you get up everyday? 每天你几点起床? get about 到处走,消息的传开 Don't forget about the bet. 别忘了打赌的事。 get across 穿过,讲清楚使人了解,领会The children began to get across at each other. 孩子们开始争吵了。 get away 逃掉,离开,摆脱 1. I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。 get down 从…下来,写下来,记下来,病了/使某人不安 It's time to get down to business now. 是进入正题的时候啦。 get along with sth 进展得 get along with sb 相处 get in 进去,进站,收进来,收帐 Yeah. Yeah. Let's get in our lines. 是啊 是啊。请排好位置。 get off 离开,下车 You can take the bus and get off at the second stop. 你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。 get on 上车 157. Don't get on my nerves!(不要搅得我心烦。) get out 拔出,传开 I need to get out more. 我需要多出门去。 get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来,不接from Yes, I know, but he'll get over it. 是的 我知道 过一下就会好的。 get around =spread 传开 get through 完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通电话 11. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。 get to 到达,抓住问题的要害,本质 Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station? 对不起,汽车站怎么走? get together 聚会,联欢 92. Let's get together one of these days.(找一天聚聚。) get in a word 策划 get into trouble 陷入 get rid off 摆脱,去掉 give vt.给出,赋予,发生 If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的,请给我。 give away 分发,赠送,颁发,背叛,出卖,暴露 give in 屈服 give off 放出(气体,光) 15) Those flowers look pretty but don't give off a nice smell. 这些花看似漂亮,但是气味并不好。 give out 使人筋疲力尽 7) Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street. 一些餐厅里面的气味飘到了街上。 odor 是指比 scent 更浓更清楚的味道。 give up 放弃,停止做某事 455. He resolved to give up smoking. 他决心戒烟。 give over 让位于=give way to被取代 give away to 被取代 give rise to 引起,导致From mutual understanding, a comfortable situation has been creation. 由于彼此的了解,因而建立了愉快的关系。create 除了“创造”以外,还有“give rise to, cause”的意思。 go vi.离开; 移动; 运行 I have to go now. 我必须走了。 go bad 变坏;变酸;腐败 go red 变红 go hungry 挨饿 go wrong 出错;发生故障 go about 随便走/进行 33. Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?请您告诉我怎样去联络律师? go after 追赶 go ahead 说吧,走吧,做吧(口语),走在前面 Good.now we can go ahead and write up the order. 好极了,现在我们可以准备下单了。 go at 从事于 go beyond 超出 It can go beyond the school system, Ellen. 这可以推广到学校体制以外 Ellen。 go by =pass 经过,过去 76. He let a week go by before answering the letter.他一周以后才回信。 go down 下降 I'll go down to Henry's grocery. He's always open. 我到亨利杂货店去。那里总是开门营业的 go into 进入 Yes, you're right. After all, she is smart enough to go into business.是啊,你说的对。毕竟,她完全有经商才智。 go off 消失,腐败,坏的 go out (火)熄灭,过时了,罢工 Why not go out for a walk? 干吗不出去散步? go over 复习,检查 to go over to the construction site with me? 去看一看建筑工地吗 go through 审阅/经历了(痛苦,困难),完成 Would you like to go through our factory some time? 什么时候来看看我们的工厂吧? go up 提高,上涨(价格) I can go up to the lodge for some hot dogs and drinks. 我可以到那边小屋去弄些热狗和饮料来。rise up 起来反抗 He that lies down (sleeps) with dogs must rise up with fleas. 与恶人交终会变恶;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。 go around 分配,传播,传开 OK, let's go around the table. 好 让我们顺著桌子来。 go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事 go back to 追溯到… I'll work for 5 years and then go back to school. 我会工作五年,然后会学校。 go with 相配=match=go along with They had excepted me to go with them. 他们原本希望我和他们一起去。 go well with 协调 Salesgirl: Sure. We have both skirts and trousers that would go well with the sweater. Look to this section.女店员:当然。我们有裙子和长裤都可以配那件毛衣。看看这边。 go too far 太过分了,走太远了 hold vt.怀有,持有(见解等) No, the restaurant will hold our table. 不会 餐厅会保留我们的席位。 hold up 主持,耽搁,延误,继续下去,拿起 hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒 hold down 控制,镇压=put down hold off 延误,保持距离,使"疏远" hold on 坚持下去,停止,别挂(电话) He gave them to me to hold on to them 他给我戒指 要我自己保管 hold out 坚持到胜利,支持,维持,伸出 hold to 坚持某个看法(路线),紧紧地抓住 OK, hold to the right. 好 在右边停住。 hunt vt.追猎;追赶 vi.打猎 He that will have a hare to breakfast must hunt overnight. 早餐想吃野兔肉,头晚就须去捕捉。 hunt for 寻找 hunt out 找出来 hunt throw 翻找 keep vt.保存,保持;留住 We keep in touch with each other by Email since he left China. 他离开中国以后,我们用Email保持联系。 keep to 坚持某种习惯,遵循,靠(左右) 8. In England traffic must keep to the left.在英国,车辆必须靠左行驶。 keep back 留在后面,阻止,忍住 keep down 控制,下降,缩减开支 keep off 避开,远离,让开 keep out 使其等在外面,不让进入 keep up 保持,维持,鼓足勇气 keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 keep sth from sb 把某事瞒着某人 keep up with 跟上 knock vi.&vt.&n.敲,击,打 174. Why don't you knock it off? 为什么不把它关掉? knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock sth down 降低价格,拆除,缩减开支 knock off 下班,停工,很快地写出文章 knock sb up 匆匆做饭,敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦 knock at 敲(门) 6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.(有人敲门,那是那天晚上打扰我的第二个。) knock sb up 把某人叫醒 know vt.知道;认识;通晓 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗? know about 了解,知道情况 How much do you know about the works of George Eliot? 乔治?艾略特的作品你知道多少? know of 听说,知道为什么 be know for sth 以...出名 as known to all 众所周知 lay vt.放,安排,铺设,覆盖 and lay them face down. 将牌盖住。 lay aside 放在…一边,积蓄 lay down 放下,制定计划 lay emphasis on sth 强调 lay down one's life for 为...献出生命 lay out 布置;设计 lay off 解雇 leave v.离开,留下 leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物) leave behind 遗留,遗志 leave off (使)停止;中断 leave out 删掉,漏掉 leave over 剩下的,暂时不去解决的 lay in 积蓄,储蓄 36. We have to play inside because it is raining.因为天下雨,我们不得不在屋里玩。 let vt.容许,使得,假设 Rose, let me introduce my friend to you. 罗斯,让我介绍一下我的朋友。 let alone 不要管,不碰,更不用说 let down 放下(窗帘),失望 let off 燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放过某人 let out 放掉气,发出响声,泄露 look v.看,期待 n.外观,神色 Yes, but you look as pretty now, as you did then. 但你看起来还是那么漂亮。 look after 照料 61. It's very noble of you to look after my old grandmother when I was out for business.你心地真好,在我出差期间照顾我年迈的外婆。 look at 看 May I have a look at the watch? 我能看看这块表吗? look back 回顾 look in 顺便来访=drop in I don't know. You may look in the TV Guide. 我不知道,你可以看看《电视报》。 look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报) look on as 把...看作... look out 小心,当心,向外看 look around 到处看 Well ... you mind if I look around 嗯……你们不介意我到处瞧瞧 look over 审阅,翻阅 Yes, so we had better look over your specifications. 是的,所以我们最好先把您的规格说明细看一遍。look through 浏览,仔细地检查 look to 负责,留意 The more women look in their glass,the less they look to their house. 妇女照镜越多,照管家务就越少。 look up (从词典中)找出,天气转变,物价上涨,仰视 to look up 仰视 look up to sb 尊敬某人 look down on sb 轻视某人 look down upon sb 轻视某人 look forward 期待 I look forward to seeing you and Harry and Michelle. 我等著见 Harry和Michelle。 make n.(产品)来源 vt.制造 It's really hard to make a decision. 挺难做决定的。 make for 有助于,向…走过去 make out 辩认出,理解,开(写)支票,假装 make up 构成 I am old enough to make up my own mind. 我已经长大了,可以自己拿主意了。 make up for 补偿 make up of 由...组成 make phone of 嘲笑,和某人开玩笑 make the best of 充分利用 make certain 弄清楚 make up one's mind 决定,下决心 make up one's minds 决心,下决心 make tea 泡茶 801. She intends to make teaching her profession.她想以教书为职业。 make coffee 冲咖啡 make off 逃跑,匆匆离开 open a.开的;开放的 vt.开 Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 这家店平日是早上9点开门吗? open to the public 向公众开放The town gardens are open to the public from sunrise to the sunset daily.市立公园每天从早到晚对公众开放。 open traffic 通车 open into 门打开后通向 open to 道路通向 The road bridge is now open to traffic.这座公路桥现在开放通行。 open up 开垦 open fire on sb. 向某人开火 open out 打开,转开 pass v.通过 n.经过;通行证 Even if you take the exam again, you won't pass it. 就算再考一次你也通不过。 pass away 消磨(时间) to pass away 去世,死(委婉的说法) pass by 从某人身边经过,过去 304. Don't let chances pass by. 不要让机遇从我们身边溜走。 pass off 消失,顺利地进行 pass for 冒充,假扮 pass on 传下去 pass through 经历 We don't like them to pass through here. 我们不希望汽车通过这里。 pick n.风镐;牙签 v.凿;摘 ;挑选I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。 pick out 挑选,认出(某人),领会 pick up 捡起来,中途把某人装上车,恢复健康 I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。 pull v.拖,拔, 扯 n.牵引 to pull a trailer 拖汽车房屋(电影中经常见到) pull down 拆掉,推掉,使身体虚弱,使价格降低 pull off 脱衣帽 pull off a plan 实现计划 pull out 拔出,离开,度过难关,恢复健康 to pull out of the garage 从车库开车出来 pull throw 渡过难关,使从病中恢复过来 pull up 车子停下,拔起(树、草) put v.放;移动;使穿过;写 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗? put away 放下,收起来,把…放在原位 595. He has a nice sum of money put away. 他存了一大笔钱。 put aside 把放在...留出(时间),备用 put back 放在原处,推迟,延期 52. When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.当其他人走了之后,玛丽留下来,将家具放回原处。 put down 镇压,写下来 He put down his glass.他放下杯子。 put forward 提出,提前,提供 put in 提交,申请(+for) All is not gain that is put in the purse. 装进钱包里的不一定都是正当的收入。 put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上 71. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。 put on 穿上,上演 put on a bit of makeup. 我化一点妆。 put through 接通电话 put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版 Far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。 put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造 if we can put up some collateral. 如果我们能提供担保物的话 put into production 把...投入生产 put into use 投入使用 put one's heart into 全心全意投入 run v.(使)跑 n.赛跑;路线 He can run as fast as Jim. 他跑的和吉姆一样快。 run across 穿过(跪道),偶然遇到 run after 追赶 to run after the gentleman 追求绅士 run away 逃走,失去控制 to run away from his sister 从他姐姐那儿逃走(发生了什么事情?) run down 身体虚弱,电用完了 run into sb 碰到某人 run for 竞选 Why shouldn't you run for what, Mom? 为什么 不该竞选什么 妈妈 run out 用完 Well, I suppose I've run out of excuses. 噢 我想我再也找不出籍口了。 run over 匆匆浏览 run through 穿过,匆匆看一下,做完 Let's just run through the arguments for and against. 我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。 run a risk of =at the risk of 冒...险 run a fever 发烧 run short of 缺乏 see vt.看见;遇见;看出 Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好,我能见格林先生吗? see sb off 为某人送行,解雇 see into sth 调查,了解某事 see about 负责处理 5. I'll have to see about that.这事儿我得想一想再定。 see through 看穿某人 see sth through 进行到底 see to get that 务必要 send vt. vi.送,寄发;派遣 To make it fast, you can send a fax. 要想快点的话就发个传真。 send for 派某人去请,去叫某人 send off 发出,寄出 send sb off =see sb. off 为某人送行,解雇 send out 发出,发射 send in 交上去,递送 send on 转交 I can send one for you to try. 我们可以寄个给你试用。 set vi.(日,月)落,vt.放 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。 set about sth 着手做某事 set about doing sth 着手做某事 set out 出发,开始做某事,陈述 24. After several delays, he finally set out at 8 o'clock.几经耽搁,他终于在八点钟出发了。 set apart 分离,流出 set aside 流出,宣布…无效 In that case ,I'll have some set aside for you. 既然这么说,我会为你留一些下来。 set down 放下,写下 set off 出发 set up 建立 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。 set fire to 放火烧 set an example for 为某人树立榜样 start vi.跳起;出发;开始 What time do you start work? 你什么时候开始工作? start from 从...开始 start with 就此开始 to schedule one hour a week--to start with.安排一星期一个小时。 start in 开始 start after sb. 追赶上某人 start off 动身出发 start out 着手进行 start up 开工,突然站起来 at the very start 一开始 take vt.耗费(时间);需要 I used to take a walk in the early morning. 我过去常一大早出去散步。 take away 拿走,离开 20. I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 take back 拿回来 take back one's words 收回(刚讲的话) take A for B 把A误认为是B take in sth 接受 take in sb 欺骗 take off 起飞,取消 Before gold,even kings take off their hats. 在黄金面前,国王也要脱帽。 take on 呈现,承担 The U.S. will take one route, the Japan take other. 美国和日本采取不同的新路径。 take on sb 雇用 take up 占据(时间,地方),从事于 take pride in =be proud of 引以为豪 take turn 轮流 take in turn 依次 take pains to do 努力做某事 take a chance 碰运气 take a lead 带头 take effect 生效 take charge of 负责 take one's leave 告辞 think v.思考;认为;想起 Yes, I think so. 是的,我认为是。 think about 考虑,关心 What do you think about it? 你对此怎么看? think of 想起,记得,觉得怎样 What do you think of their skill? 你觉得他们演奏技术如何? think of as 把...当作... think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出,解决了,想清楚 think back to 回想过去 think well of 高度评价 think highly of 高度评价 throw v.投射;摔倒 n.投掷 to throw a plane 抛(纸)飞机 throw about 到处扔 throw away 扔掉,浪费(金钱),失去(机会) throw back 扔回来,阻止,进攻 throw down 扔下来,推翻 within a stones throw off 靠...很近 throw in 扔,扔进 throw into 扔,扔进 throw in a word or two 插一两句话 throw off 匆忙地脱掉,摆脱,扔掉 throw off one's airs 放下某人的架子 throw on 匆忙穿上 throw out 赶走 Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. 切勿良莠不分一起抛。 throw light on 提供线索,有助理解某事 throw one's self into 投入 throw cold water 泼冷水 turn v.转向,旋转 n.轮流 Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书,翻到第20页。 turn back 翻回到+to turn down 拒绝,音量调低 turn up 音量调高,出席 L: You can fill in this lost property report, and I'll keep my eye out for it. Those kinds of things usually turn up eventually, but I suggest you contact your embassy and tell them about your situation, so they can issue you a new passport in case it doesn't show up.管理员:你来填这张遗失报告表,我会替你留意的。像这样的东西,最后总是会出现的。但我建议你跟你们的大使馆联系并把你的情形告诉他们。万一你的护照找不到的话,他们会给你补发新护照的。 turn in 上交 Please turn in your paper before leaving. 请在离开前将论文交上。 turn oneself in 自首 turn into 把...变成...,把...翻译成... turn out 结果是,制造出,生产出,培养出,关(煤气) 50. How did the game turn out? 球赛结果如何? turn over 移交,把...打翻 turn to 转向,求助于,翻到第几页 Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书,翻到第20页。 turn to sb for help 求助于 turn against 背叛 turn by one's 轮流,交替 in one's turn 轮到某人做某事 it is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 wear v.穿,戴,磨损,耐久 What will you wear for the party? 晚会上你穿什么? wear sb out 使某人精疲力尽 wear sth out 使某物被穿破 wear off 慢慢地消失掉,褪掉 wear away 磨掉,(时间)消逝 wear on (时间)消逝 work vi.(机器等)运转;活动 I'll work for the next 5 days. 我要工作5天(从明天算起) work on 从事于某项工作 I'll work on my computer. 我要练电脑。 work on a problem 从事于某项工作 work out 算出(总数)to work out a sum 算出总数 带来好结果;有预期的结果Things will work themselves out. 事情会有好结果的。运动;锻炼to work out daily with sparring partner 每天和拳击陪练员练习 I could work out in your class with no problem. 如果我去你的班上做运动 一定不会觉得有问题。(矿山)开采完,采尽 work at 在做... I start work at 8 o'clock. 我八点开始工作。 work in with 配合 work up 准备 work in 编进去 Yes. I'm a designer, and I work in a boutique. 是的 我是位设计师 我在一家服装店工作。 |
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to的用法归纳
一:表示相对,针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to Air is indispensable to life. Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation. This injection will make you immune to infection. 二:表示对比,比较 1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous A is similar to B in many ways. 3:表示一些先后顺序的形容词,如:second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. Many people prefer spending money to earning money. They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 三:表示修饰关系 1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引桥 the approach to science Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的机会 The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利 4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress advisor to the Prime Minister 5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. Everyone has an equal right to …….. 6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress 7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage. 8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如: The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business 9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school 四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste 一:表示相关联,相连接,如:be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem. People often linked walth to happiness. 二:表示反对和赞同。 1:to引导的表示反对,抗拒,对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake. They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2:to引导的表示同意,赞同意义的词组:consent to,subseribe to, The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整,使符合,使适应的含义,如:adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. Your action should conform to the interests of the people. They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. His words doesn’t fit to his actions. Suit your writing style to the masses. 3:表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to. The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数 Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to He’s liable to seasickness. You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views. 七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to He’s confined to the house by illness. He confined his remarks to scientific mangement. 八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 十:表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher. His conceit lead to his failure. These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to, All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail. 十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his. 十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century. 十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to I don’t like wool next to my skin. 十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to 十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to, We should attach primary importance to job training. 二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed. The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance. 二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如: It’s time to get up. We are supposed to get here at seven. It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons. 常用词组 respond to(反应),appeal to(吸引),catch on to(理解),listen to(收听),used to(过去常常),give birth to,attend to(照料),see to(负责),be entitled to(有权),belong to(属于),come to(苏醒),stand up to(勇敢面对),help oneself to(请自便),refer to,to the point(切题), Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard. The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel. See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim. You will catch on to the job shortly after wards. People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news. 介词of用法归纳 1:表示剥夺,除去 一:deprive sb. of his right denude sb. of his possession (hope) divest the baby of his clothes rid him of this fear rob sb. of his wallet defraud sb. of gold ring cure sb. of cancer heal sb. of cancer purify the nation clean the jar of crust clarify the river of flowing rubbish --get rid of, rid of, dispose of 2:of接直接宾语 -告诉-tell sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth warn sb. of fire remind sb. of his duties acquaint sb. of sth. notify of.. -其他,劝服-persuade sb. of honesty assure sb. of the best seats convince sb. of sth. -法律词汇-accuse sb. of burglary ; convict sb. of murder; suspect sb. of a theft -reassure his wife of his safe arrival 3:of接间接宾语 request sth. of sb. expect sth. of sb. require sth. of sb. ask a question of sb. be fearful of mistakes be jealous of wealthy persons be reminiscent of his past be patient of the enormous noise be guilty of robbery be innocent of robbery 4:of表示人物的特性,籍贯,特性或出生等 He is of Irish descend (ascent) People of obscure origin (humble /noble) Man of keen perception a man of moral integrity 5:固定词组 -say of, tale of, hear of, think of, learn of, savor of The room smells of stale cabbage. -brag of his achievements. Boast of his children beware of pickpockets approve of the program doubt of success complain of poor management -be sure of be suspicious of be aware of be confident of be proud of be ashamed of be afraid of be capable of be lack of be critical of be shortly of be conscious of be ignorant of be wary of be cautious og be appreciative of your advice -regardless of , irrespective of ,不管….无视 in favor of decide on three most popular leisure activities irrespective of age 介词Under 表示处于…状态之下,接受… preparations are under way. a road under repair books under the care of librarian a patient under emergency treatment a matter under consideration a program under discussion plants under attack of insects a curiosity under the escort of police a country under threat of terrorists a curiosity under the escort of police a land under cultivation a murderer under arrest unequal treaties made under duress a maiden under the control of the mechanic a statesman under illusion about sth. a principle under stress (pressure) an employee under a constant emotional strain plans under the conduct of teacher embark on the scheme under compulsion under the stimulus of the hope under for the match under false name |
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1. Absolutely not. 绝对不是。
2. Are you coming with me? 你跟我一起去吗? 3. Are you sure? 你能肯定吗? 4. As soon as possible. 尽快。 5. Believe me. 相信我。 6. Buy it . 买下来! 7. Call me tomorrow. 明天打电话给我。 8. Can you speak slowly? 请您说得慢些好吗? 9. Come with me. 跟我来。 10. Congratulations. 恭喜恭喜。 11. Do it right! 把它做对。 12. Do you mean it ? 你是当真的吗? 13. Do you see him often? 你经常见到他吗? 14. Do you see it? = Do you understand? 你明白了吗? 15. Do you want it? 你要吗? 16. Do you want something? 你想要些什么? 17. Don’t do it . 不要做。 18. Don’t exaggerate. 不要夸张。 19. Don’t tell me that. 不要告诉我。 20. Give me a hand . 帮我一下。 21. Go right ahead. 一直往前走。 22. Have a good trip. 祝旅途愉快。 23. Have a nice day. 祝你一天过得愉快。 24. Have you finished? 你做完了吗? 25. He doesn’t have time. 他没空。 26. He is on his way. 他现在已经在路上了。 27. How are you doing? 你好吗? 28. How long are you staying ? 你要呆多久? 29. I am crazy about her. 我对她着迷了。 30. I am wasting my time . 我在浪费时间。 31. I can do it . 我能做。 32. I can’t believe it . 我简直不能相信。 33. I can’t wait . 我不能再等了。 34. I don’t have time . 我没时间了。 35. I don’t know anybody. 我一个人都不认识。 36. I don’t like it . 我不喜欢。 37. I don’t think so . 我认为不是。 38. I feel much better. 我感觉好多了。 39. I found it . 我找到了。 40. I hope so . 我希望如此。 41. I knew it . 我早知道了。 42. I noticed that. 我注意到了。 43. I see. 我明白了。 44. I speak English well. 我英语说得很好。 45. I think so . 我认为是这样的。 46. I want to speak with him. 我想跟他说话。 47. I won. 我赢了。 48. I would like a cup of coffee, please. 请给我一杯咖啡。 49. I’m hungry. 我饿死了。 50. I’m leaving. 我要走了。 51. I’m sorry. 对不起。 52. I’m used to it . 我习惯了。 53. I’ll miss you. 我会想念你的。 54. I’ll try. 我试试看。 55. I’m bored. 我很无聊。 56. I’m busy. 我很忙。 57. I’m having fun. 我玩得很开心。 58. I’m ready. 我准备好了。 59. I’ve got it . 我明白了。 60. I’ve had it . 我受够了。 61. It’s incredible! 真是难以置信! 62. Is it far? 很远吗? 63. It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 64. It smells good. 闻起来很香。 65. It’s about time . 是时候了。 66. It’s all right. 没关系。 67. It’s easy. 很容易。 68. It’s good. 很好。? 69. It’s near here. 离这很近。 70. It’s nothing. 没什么。 71. It’s time to go . 该走了。 72. It’s different. 那是不同的。 73. It’s funny. 很滑稽。 74. It’s impossible. 那是不可能的。 75. It’s not bad. 还行。 76. It’s not difficult. 不难. 77. It’s not worth it . 不值得。 78. It’s obvious. 很明显。 79. It’s the same thing. 还是一样的。 80. It’s your turn. 轮到你了。 81. Let me see . 让我想想。 82. Let me know . 告诉我。 83. Me too. 我也一样。 84. Not yet. 还没有。 85. Relax! 放松。 86. See you tomorrow. 明天见。 87. She is my best friend . 她是我最好的朋友。 88. She is so smart. 她真聪明。 89. Show me . 指给我看。 90. Tell me . 告诉我。 91. Thank you very much. 多谢。 92. That happens. 这样的事情经常发生。 93. That’s enough. 够了。 94. That’s interesting. 很有趣。 95. That’s right. 对了。 96. That’s true. 这是真的。 97. There are too many people here. 这里人很多。 98. They like each other. 他们互相倾慕。 99. Think about it . 考虑一下。 100. Too bad! 太糟糕啦! 101. Wait for me . 等等我。 102. What did you say? 你说什么? 103. What do you think? 你认为怎样? 104. What is he talking about? 他在说些什么? 105. What terrible weather! 多坏的天气。 106. What’s going on/ happening / the problem? 怎么啦? 107. What’s the date today?今天几号? 108. Where are you going ? 你去哪里? 109. Where is he? 他在哪里? 110. You are impatient. 你太性急了。 111. You look tired. 你看上去很累。 112. You surprise me. 你让我大吃一惊。 113. You’re crazy. 你疯了。 114. You’re welcome. 别客气。 115. You’re always right. 你总是对的。 116. You’re in a bad mood. 你的心情不好。 117. You’re lying. 你在撒谎。 118. You’re wrong. 你错了。 |
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| 发表于: 英语实用知识 » 英语国家生存英语精选 » 加入讨论 | |
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你曾经因为一字之差而闹笑话吗?有哪些字是你刻骨铭心的惨痛经验?你觉得有哪些关键字汇让你顿足捶胸,或茅塞顿开?
当考路的考官说“pull over”时,你是否会不知所措?有人邀请你参加“Potluck Party”时,你会不会空手赴宴?在速食店里,店员问“for here or to go?”你是否会丈二金刚摸不着头脑,莫名其妙?“Give me a ring!”可不是用来求婚的。“Drop me a line!” 更非要你排队站好。老美说“Hi! What's up!”你可别说“I am fine!”你曾经闹过这些笑话吗?让我们来看看,这些字,你怎麽说? Potluck Party:一种聚餐方式,主人准备场地和餐具,参加的人必须带一道菜或准备饮料,最好事先问问主人的意思。 Pull over!把车子开到旁边。 Drop me a line!写封信给我。 Give me a ring. = Call me!来个电话吧! For here or to go?堂食或外卖。 Cool:That's cool! 等於台湾年轻人常用的囗语“酷!”,表示不赖嘛!用于人或事均可。 What's up? = What's happening? = What's new? 见面时随囗问候的话“最近在忙什么?有什么新鲜事吗?”一般的回答是“Nothing much!”或“Nothing new!” Cut it out! = Knock it out!= Stop it! 少来这一套!同学之间开玩笑的话。 Don't give me a hard time! 别跟我过不去好不好! Get yourself together! 振作点行不行! Do you have "the" time? 现在几点钟?可别误以为人家要约你出去。 Hang in there. = Don't give up. = Keep trying. 再撑一下。 Give me a break! 你饶了我吧!(开玩笑的话) Hang on. 请稍候。 Blow it. = Screw up. 搞砸了。 What a big hassle. 真是个麻烦事。 What a crummy day. 多倒霉的一天。 Go for it. 加油 You bet. = Of course. 当然;看我的! Wishful thinking. 一厢情愿的想法。 Don't be so fussy! 别那么挑剔好不好。 It's a long story. 唉!说来话长。 How have you been? = How are you doing? 你过得如何?近来可好? Take things for granted. 自以为理所当然。 Don't put on airs. 别摆架子。 Give me a lift! = Give me a ride! 送我一程吧! Have a crush on someone. 迷恋某人 What's the catch? 有什么内幕? Party animal. 开Party狂的人(喜欢参加舞会的人) Pain in the neck. =Pain in the ass. 眼中钉,肉中刺。 Skeleton in the closet. 家丑 Don't get on my nerve! 别把我惹毛了! A fat chance. =A poor chance. 机会很小 I am racking my brains. 我正在绞尽脑 She's a real drag. 她真有点碍手碍脚 Spacingout = daydreaming. 做白日梦 I am so fed up. 我受够了! It doesn't go with your dress. 跟你的衣服不配。 What's the point? = What are you trying to say? 你的重点是什么? By all means = Definitely. 一定是。 Let's get a bite. = Let's go eat. 去吃点东西吧! I'll buy you a lunch (a drink; a dinner). = It's on me. = My treat. 我请客 Let's go Dutch. 各付各的 My stomach is upset. 我的胃不舒服 diarrhea 拉肚子 吃牛排时,waiter会问“How would you like it?”就是问“要几分熟”的意思,可以选择rare,medium或 well-done。 I am under the weather. =I am not feeling well. 我不太舒服! May I take a rain check? 可不可改到下次?(例如有人请你吃饭,你不能赴约,只好请他改到下一次。) I am not myself today. 我今天什么都不对劲! Let's get it straight. 咱们把事情弄清楚! What's the rush! 急什么! Such a fruitcake! 神经病! I'll swing by later. =I'll stop by later. 待会儿,我会来转一下。 I got the tip straight from the horse's mouth. 这个消息是千真万确的(tip指消息)! easy as pie = very easy = piece of cake 很容易。 flunk out 被当掉 take French leave 不告而别 I don't get the picture. =I don't understand. 我不明白。 You should give him a piece of your mind. 你应该向他表达你的不满。 hit the road = take off = get on one's way 离开。 Now he is in the driver's seat =He is in control now. Keep a low profile (or low key). 采取低姿态。 Kinky =bizarre =wacky =weird 古怪的。 klutz (=clutz) =idiot 白痴、笨蛋。 know one's way around 识途老马。 lion's share 大部份。 tailgate 尾随(尤其跟车跟得太近)。 take a back seat. 让步。 take a hike =leave me alone =get lost 滚开。 hit the hay =go to bed 睡觉。 Can you give me a lift? =Can you give me a ride? 载我一程好吗? green hand 生手、没有经验的人。 moonshine = mountain dew 指私酿的烈酒(威士忌)或走私的酒。胡说八道也可用moonshine。His story is plain moonshine. chill out =calm down =relax(来自黑人英语) rip off =steal:I was ripped off. 我被偷了;rip off 也常被用为“剥夺”My right was ripped off. 权利被剥夺(来自黑人英语)。 我们称美国大兵为G.I. (Government Issue) or GI Joe, 德国兵或德国佬为 Fritzor Kraut,称英国佬为John Bull,日本人为Jap.或Nip,犹太人为Jew都是 很不礼貌的称呼。 mess around (with)瞎混;Get to work. Don't mess around. 赶快工作,别瞎搅和。 snob 势利眼 sneak in, sneak out 偷偷溜进去,溜出来 sneakers 运动鞋 She is such a brown-nose. 她是个马屁精。 This is in way over my head. 对我而言这实在太难了。 I am an exam jitter and I always get a cramp in my stomach. 我是个考试紧张大师,一考试胃就抽筋。 Keep your study (work) on track. 请按进度读书(工作)。 Did you come up with any ideas? 有没有想到什麽新的意见? Don't get uptight! Take it easy. 别紧张,慢慢来! Cheese! It tastes like cardboard. 天哪,吃起来味如嚼腊! Get one's feet wet. 与中文里的“涉足”或“下海”,寓意相同,表示初尝某事。I am going to try dancing for the very first time. Just to get my feet wet. 美国总统到底是比尔?克林顿还是威廉?克林顿?吉米?卡特和詹姆斯?卡特是否同一人?根据语言学家William Safire的分析,美国多数政客都喜欢使用昵名代替他们原来的名字,如Bill就是William的昵称,Jimmy等于James等。 |
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| 发表于: 影视资源 » 十部让你泣不成声的经典老电影 » 加入讨论 | |
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1.黑暗中的舞者(美国)
冰岛歌后比约克在电影里扮演一位从捷克来美国为子治病的母亲萨玛,其子所患的是家族遗传的眼疾,视力由逐步恶化到最终失明。萨玛自己的视力也非常弱了,为了能够正常的工作她只好背熟视力检测表以对付医生的检查。然而命运对她过于残酷,她失明了。一直友好的邻居偷了她为儿子看病攒下的钱,萨玛去拿回自己的钱,在争夺中,杀死警察。在法庭上,她不肯为自己的行为辩解,被判了死刑。又因为不愿意用儿子的手术费请律师,失去了减刑的机会。在执刑的时候,萨玛害怕地唱起了歌,歌声直到行刑的那一刻嘎然而止。比约克进行了一次痛快的表演,把一位母亲爱的强烈、深沉、容易受伤的感情表现得淋漓尽致,许多人是从头哭到尾,尤其是她的歌声刺痛着人们的胸。 2. 天堂影院(意大利) 以西西里岛为舞台,在一个人人都爱看电影的小镇,一个自小崇拜电影放映师的少年,长大后也成为了电影放映师。时光流走30年,他再回到小镇时,给他留下美好回忆的电影院已变成废墟。 第一次看这部电影是在很多年前,那时在热恋中。情节简单的电影也被看得恍恍惚惚,只记得看完电影后,和热恋中的男友手牵手,深夜走在大街上,月光里,很幸福。再看这部电影时已是多年之后,当看到电影结尾时银幕上各种接吻镜头组接在一起,不断从面前滑过,突然想起他来,我以为我已经忘了他,于是再也忍不住地哭了。 3. 泰坦尼克(美国) 让人热泪长流的场景是:在杰克的劝说下露丝上了救生艇,杰克平静地向露丝招手;在将要断裂的甲板上,两人面对着生离死别,加上那搅动心弦的乐曲浪漫、演绎了一段最浪漫、最撕心扯肺的爱情。露丝眼睁睁地看着杰克沉没在冰冷的海中里……看到这里于是无法抑制地哭了,这些煽情的地方不仅赚足了人们的眼泪,也赚足了人们的钱。 4. 何处是我朋友的家(伊朗) 伊朗北部一所乡村小学校,穆罕默德因作业本忘在表弟家,没有把作业写在指定的作业本上。老师警告他说,如有下次,他就会被开除。可是,当天下午,同桌阿默德发现自己不小心把穆罕默德的作业本拿回了家。他拿着同桌的作业本,翻山越岭,四处询问,想把本子还给穆罕默德……朴素简单的一个故事,却让你看完后心情不能平静。 电影中反复出现的坑凹坡道,诗一般的画面。捕捉孩子们的细微表情,是导演的拿手戏。屏幕上忍住哭泣的孩子在一直走着,屏幕下人们心生无数爱怜。 5. 那年夏天 宁静的海(日本) 暴力已成为北野武导演的注册商标,而他却在这部电影安静地讲了个爱情故事,不露声色地呈现了一种东方式的缠绵。 片中难得的没有暴打、枪击,有的只是一些闲人的闲语,不然就是一起一落的海潮音,而这个海会被称为宁静,只缘于男女主角都是失聪的哑巴,一切都已消音,包括尘嚣,包括浪吟。 失聪的男主人公爱上冲浪,而他的恋人却在海滩上担心。夏天的海边,两个人无语,互望的目光中是充满的千言万语。在狂追女友乘坐的巴士时,他拼命奔跑的样子已胜过任何爱的语言。 6. 关于我母亲的一切 (西班牙) 影片结尾时的字幕:献给所有演出的女演员,献给所有的女人,献给所有扮演女性的男人,献给所有想成为妈**人,献给我的妈妈。 单身母亲曼尼拉独立抚养着自己的儿子爱斯特本,但是在他生日那天他们一起去看了一场话剧《欲望号街车》,出来后儿子为索要女演员胡门的签名被车撞死。曼尼拉去巴塞罗那寻找十八年未见的父亲,通过她的活动,接触到了许多人,同性恋者胡门,变性人阿拉多,出身高贵的修女罗莎却爱上了爱斯特本的父亲并怀了孩子,后来她与曼尼拉生活在一起,生下另一个爱斯特本后离开了人世。慢慢地你才看出来,作为孩子的母亲,为什么会一直不告诉他父亲的任何情况?因为父亲也是一个女人,一个渴望变成女人的男人。 心中说不出的悲哀。 7. 情人(法国) 根据杜拉斯小说改编的电影。电影中,梁家辉拒绝另一个她时说的那一句话让人印象深刻:“我的身体不要不爱我的人。” 影片的高潮是在她终于乘船离开越南的时候,那场不同寻常的唯美的告别和分离。船缓缓的驶离港口,渐行渐远,她忍住了泪,望着她曾经生活过的这个地方……她并没有预计他会来送别,却突然看见远处那辆她熟悉的黑色轿车! 在回国的船上那个女孩哭出声来。原来自己是那么爱他!电影结束在他说他将至死爱着她的那个老妇苍老的画外音里。 8. 新桥恋人(法国) 一个是流浪汉亚力斯,一个是因失恋而自我放逐的富家小姐米雪儿,两人之间一段惊世骇俗的爱情。他们的恋情那么绝望,疯狂。为了永远厮守,亚力斯烧掉了所有寻找米雪儿的海报,失手烧死了贴报人;米雪儿将安眠药放入酒里趁亚力斯熟睡独自离开,去治她将要失明的双眼。当米雪儿离开他,亚力斯用枪里的最后一颗子弹轰掉了自己的手。几年之后他们重逢在新桥上,亚力斯拥抱米雪尔,意外掉入河中,被一艘运砂船救起。结尾是男女两人站在船头。虽然是运砂船,却足以显出法国人的浪漫。 9. 八月照相馆(韩国) 假如你要死了,你会怎样度过剩下的日子呢?永元选择继续留在自己梦一样的照相馆里。在他生命的最后日子迎来了爱情。对于德琳,爱情仿佛一场刚刚到来的小雨,刚开始莫名的点点滴滴。永元不会让她的天空大雨滂沱,他能够做的,只是隔着玻璃轻轻抚摸她的倩影,渐行渐远。一个年轻的生命平静远去,他甚至还给自己拍下最后的留影。他坐在相机的对面,脸上的笑容不大自然,他重新站起,做好再一次的调整,又坐下,笑容更加温暖??然后,照片就被加了黑边。这一刻,哽咽终于冲破喉咙,泪雨滂沱。一个年轻人死在八月,窗外的树叶还在风里摇着。 10. 甜蜜蜜 (香港) 甜蜜蜜的结尾一向被人称道。电影刚开始时就是黎小军火车坐去投靠香港的姑妈。火车一到香港,人们拥挤着下车,而黎小军却睡得很香,直到与他背靠着背的旅客起身把他惊醒。电影的结尾,在与开头一样的场景中,我们发现那个与黎明背靠背的人原来就是张曼玉。让人好生唏嘘。小人物的爱情没有曲折情节,却是每一段都似曾相识。对于那些骑着单车送过女朋友的男人,和那些曾经将脸儿贴在他背后的初恋,我们只是在电影中一遍遍着悼念。 张曼玉和黎明在影片中表现极佳。几次的离别,让人惋惜。观看时,许多人都是眼含热泪。已故歌星邓丽君的歌声也渲染了情节,更加感人. |
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| 发表于: 英语学习方法 » 四级阅读两周冲刺 » 加入讨论 | |
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四级阅读两周冲刺
你知道是阅读速度和理解阅读两个方面在影响着你的阅读能力吗?除了掌握大量的词汇量之外,你有没有注意到自己的阅读速度,你的方法正确、合理吗?检查一下你有没有以下的阅读习惯,新东方的老师在告诉你,改掉它们你的阅读理解就会迎来奇迹! (1)“指读”,即为了“集中注意力”,用手指或笔尖指着文章细细的逐词阅读。一遇到生词,便停顿下来,无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。也影响整句或整段的意思的理解。 (2)“唇读”,即有的学生在阅读中寺喜欢读出声来,或即使不出声,嘴唇了蠕动,或脑子里也在想着读音,无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。 (3)“回读”,也叫“即时重读”即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时,返回句首甚至段首重读;还有相当多的学生对阅读忆经产生心理定势,即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂,因此反复多遍,浪费很多时间。 (4)“译读”,即在阅读过程中,不断地进行膛词逐句的翻译,通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法,习惯于在不加限定的时间内,对一小块文章精雕细琢,导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。 |
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作者:teresa_0527 来源:沪江学习交流版
一、短文汉译英要点分析 1.翻译中常见的一些问题 考生对翻译实质理解不清,缺乏对短文的整体把握,因而译文思路不清,连贯性较差。 短文翻译不同于孤立的、没有上下文的单句翻译。考生在动手做题之前首先应当通读并理解全文,并对文章的内容和风格有一个完整的和全面的认识,这也是保证译文行文连贯、内容忠实所不可缺少的准备工作。然而,许多考生却不这样做,他们往往拿起文章就往下翻译,看一句译一句,这样做,表面上是为了确保译文忠实,但实际情况是,考生只顾每个句子字面的和孤立的意思,而忽略了上下文之间的内在逻辑,忽视了句子之间的衔接,因而译文连贯性较差,无法把原文表达清楚。试看下面的例子: 原文:9月10日是教师节。教师在人们的心目中究竟是什么样子呢?清华附中的小记者走出校门,采访了76位路人。采访发现,83%的人认为老师肩负着培养下一代的重任,是提高全民族文化素质的决定因素,值得尊敬。 译文1:Sept.10 is Teachers Day. What is the image of teachers in people's heart? Little reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University walked out of their school gate and interviewed 76 passersby. The interview shows that 83% people think that teachers shoulder the important task of educating the next generation, they are the decisive factor of improving the whole people's cultural level, and they are worth of being respected. 译文2:What?s the teacher's image? On Teacher's Day,Sept.10,a group of teenage reporters from the secondary school of Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventy six passersby. Eighty six of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation, an undertaking crucial to achieving a higher level of education in China. 比较上面的译文,可以看出,译文1显得呆板、生硬,而译文2比较通顺、流畅。译文1显然忽略了文章的逻辑关系,只是一味地按照原文的行文顺序和字面意思,逐字逐句地翻译,而译文2没有拘泥于原文的词汇和句式,不是孤立地看一句译一句,而是在通观全局、仔细推敲上下文和文章内容的基础上,抓住了文章重心和主旨(即教师在人们心目中的形象),"What is the teacher's image"一句放到句首,既符合英文表达习惯,又突出了主题,使主要内容一目了然。另外,从上下文看,译文1照字面意思把"小记者"译为"little reporters",似乎不如译文2的"teenage reporters"确切。译文2把"采访"分别灵活地译成"poll"和"survey"也显得很恰当。译文1把"走出校门"译成"walked out of their school gate",而译文2只译为"took a poll on the street",既然是采访街头的人当然要在校外进行,这是不言而喻的,因此这样译比较简练。但译文2把"清华附中"译为"the secondary school of Qinghua University"不妥,还是译文1的译法准确。 2.译文结构松散,中心层次不清,可读性差,不符合英语的表达习惯 好的译文不仅要在内容上忠实于原文,而且还应该考虑英语读者的需要,符合英语的表达习惯,具有与原文相应的或较好的条理性和连贯性。这一点恰恰是一般考生不太注意的。很多考生以为只要字面上意思接近就行了,但真正忠实的译文是在不改变原文意思的基础上使行文流畅,具有可读性。如果译文可读性太差,便谈不上忠实于原文。试看一下这两段译文: 原文:1953年,英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹,并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时,新中国的领导人深感忧虑,立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。 译文1:In 1953,America and England planned to use atomic bombs against Chinese aiding troops in Korea and to attack China with nuclear weapons. When the news was transferred to Beijing from diplomatic sources of a third country, the leaders of new China felt deeply worried and immediately decided to set up and develop atomic bomb and missile cause. 译文2:In 1953,when they learned from diplomatic sources of a third country that the United States and Britain were prepared to attack mainland China and the Chinese troops in Korea with nuclear weapons, the leaders of new China, deeply concerned, decided that China must have its own atomic bombs and missiles. 译文1基本是直译,保留了原文的结构和叙述顺序;译文2则通过运用从句、分词短语等手段把次要内容融合在一个句子中,因而突出了中心思想。从原文内容看,语句的重要信息应该是"新中国的领导人立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定"。而"1953年,英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹,并准备用核武器进攻中国"和"这一消息由第三国外交官转告北京"这两句都是当时的背景信息,"深感忧虑"则是细节描写,也是次要信息,因此只要选择恰当的从句、短语等句型就足以将这些从属信息表达清楚。例如"新中国领导人深感忧虑,立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定"一句中的"深感忧虑"这层意思就可用分词短语"deeply concerned"翻译出来,这样的处理既能恰当地再现原文内容,又符合英语表达习惯,虽然译文结构复杂,但层次清楚,文字组织得当,主题突出,而且概念清晰、准确。又如,把"英美两国"改译为the United States and Britain 比 America and England更准确,把"深感忧虑"改为"deeply concerned"也比"deeply worried"更恰当。因为从上下文看,concerned一词能体现当时中国领导人对原子弹事业的关心,也符合领导人的身份。 从这两段译文中也可看出,选择恰当的句型不仅是一种重要的翻译技巧,而且也是处理好译文的一个关键环节。许多实例表明,很多考生的译文结构松散、呆板,主要原因都是没有处理好译文的层次和重心,没有选择恰当的句式。 3.译文语气平淡,缺少与原文相应的气势,有的虽形似,但实质上形近而神远 译文语气平淡,缺少应有的气势,这是考生做汉译英题时存在的一个普遍问题。考生除翻译水平和语言水平有限外,对翻译实质的理解也是至关重要的。很多考生认为只要能运用掌握的词汇和语法规则把句子翻译出来就行了。其实,忽视了原文语气和风格的译文,其忠实程度和可读性就可能打折扣。试看这样一句:"我们的朋友遍天下",句子结构简单,用词也不深奥,考生一般都能不假思索地把句子译为:"Our friends are all over the world."这样的译文应该说不坏,句子既没有语法错误,原文的信息也基本上反映出来了。但仔细推敲,我们发现与原文的"我们的朋友遍天下"相比"Our friends are all over the world"显得气势不足,至少原文所隐含的自豪感在译文中丢失了。如果吃透原文,摆脱原有句架的限制,而把句子译成"We have friends all over the world"是否更能准确地反映出原有的气势?这是显而易见的。 1996年汉译英考题中有这样一句:"在过去的几十年里,可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。"下面是这句话的两种译文: 译文1:In the last few decades, perhaps no topic was concerned more by management researchers than the topic of art of leadership. 译文2:Probably no other single topic has gained more attention from management researchers in the last few decades than leadership. 译文1中的"perhaps no topic"分量不够,语气平淡,没有充分译出原句"可能没有任何其他话题"所表现的气势;而译文2的"probably no other single topic"则加强了译文的语气和句势,尤其是probably和single两个词能准确反映原文的全貌,恰如其分地反衬了leadership(领导艺术)这一话题的受瞩目程度,从而突出了主题。可见,翻译不应拘泥于原文的一词一句,而是要忠实于原文的思想,在吃透原文思想的情况下撇开原文的结构,翻译出言下之意,这也是提高译文忠实程度、增强可读性,提高译文质量的重要一步。 4.死译或望文生义,导致译文不准确、不忠实、生硬、费解 有些考生认为一字不漏地翻译出原文的字面意思就是忠实于原文的最稳妥、最可靠的办法。但实际上,我们知道,中英两种语言是两种不同的语言文字,在词汇和语法上有较大的差异,而且在概念和思维上也都存在差异,即使一个意思,两种语言的表达方法也很不相同。如果死译、硬译,或生搬硬套,只能使译文含糊不清,让人费解。例如,有人把"the treatment of teachers is bad"当作是"教师待遇不好"的忠实译文,实际上是硬译、错译。因为英语中的treatment 一词并不等于汉语的"待遇"这个概念,两者语义范围也不一样,而且treatment作"待遇"讲时多有贬义,但原文根本没有贬低教师的意思,只是阐明"教师收入偏低"这一事实而已。可见,这句话如果改译为"teachers are poorly paid"则更简单,更恰当。同样,如果把"自改革开放以来"译成"since the reform and opening policy",不仅文法不通,而且也不能达意。因此一味地找对应词,只顾表面的忠实,最终只会损害译文的内容,影响译文的表达效果。再看下面的 例子: 原文:最近河南安阳火柴厂向铁道部发出紧急报告:我厂是全国最大的火柴生产厂家,担负着河南全省民用火柴供应的任务。由于木材短缺,现已濒临停产。情况的确严重。该厂近几个月产量大幅度下降,以至造成火柴市场紧张,城市黑市价格高出正常售价四倍多,农村、山区百姓出现吃饭点灯难现象。 译文1:Recently the Anyang Match Factory of Henan Province sent an urgent report to the Ministry of Railroad: Our factory is the biggest match?producing factory in the country, and is responsible for the task of supplying civil matches for the whole province. Because of shortage of timber, the factory is facing a closedown. The situation is indeed serious. Over the last few months, production dropped so sharply that it has caused market tense. In cities, the price of matches is four times its normal one, and in the countryside, there is even the phenomenon of people's having difficulties in eating and lighting. 译文2:The Anyang Match Factory, a major match producer for domestic use in Henan Province and the biggest one in the country, recently sent an SOS to the Ministry of Railways, saying that the factory was running short of timber. The message is not a false alarm. The drastic cutbacks in the output of the factory have caused an acute shortage of matches in the market over the last few months. In the cities, a box of matches is now selling at four times its normal price on the black market; in the countryside, people do not even have matches to light their cooking stoves. 译文1中一些地方翻译得不够清楚,如把"紧急报告"译成urgent report,虽然字面意思接近,但译文机械呆板;从特定的上下文看,这句话的真实信息"形势严重"、"关系重要",因此翻译时必须选用相应的词,要把这层意思点明。译文2使用了SOS这一具有特殊感情色彩的词,既符合客观事实,也能给读者一个鲜明的形象,提高了译文质量。同样,"火柴市场紧张"中的"紧张"在文中是"短缺"而非其他,译成the match market is tense 让人费解,且这几个词也搭配不当,如改译为an acute shortage of matches in the market 既清楚又能使读者明白。再如"百姓出现吃饭点灯难现象",译文1也过分拘泥于原文的一词一字,因而晦涩难懂,文理不通。 以上几例说明,在汉译英时,选译词汇和选择句子一样重要。而且,词有雅俗之分、大小之分和难易之分,因此如何选择,要格外留心。首先要看原文的意思,同时也要看原文结构词汇有什么特点。如在政论性文体中,句子一般长而复杂,抽象词也多。翻译时应该照顾到这些特点,使行文严谨、周密、准确、简练。如果不注意词义在上下文中的一致,而拘泥于字面意思上的一致,望文生义,生搬硬套,结果只会使译文文理不通,不忠实,不达意,甚至引起误解,必然损害原意。正确的做法是先看懂意思,再根据上下文来选择恰当的词句。 二、翻译基本方法、变通手段、翻译程序及应试技巧 1.翻译的基本方法:直译与意译 首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。意译也不是胡译、乱译,而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文作相应的调整。前面提到的译文Our friends are all over the world是直译,而We have friends all over the world就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点,更强调译文的效果,不求形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。 2.翻译的变通手段 翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译,硬凑成英文,必须认真分析上下文,掌握词的确切含义,然后用适当的英文表达,必要时需要变换一些词,"小记者"译成teenage reporter,"紧急报告"译成SOS,"深感忧虑"译成deeply concerned等,都是采用了变通手段。 (1)词类转换。 词类转换是翻译中常见的手段,通过词类的转换可以突破原文的句式,引起句法的转换,如"近来,研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染"可译为Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts.原文中的"发现"是动词,而译文根据上下文的需要,灵活地把动词转换成名词discoveries。 (2)增词、减词。 译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句,表面上看似不忠实,但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有,而是隐含在原文中的。减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语,避免拖泥带水。如"感冒可以通过人的手传染"可以译为flu can be spread by hand contacts,其中的contacts就是根据译文需要添加上的。而"百姓出现吃饭点灯难现象"中的"现象"一词可以省略,只译成people do not even have matches to light their stoves就足以表达原文中的信息。 3.短文英译的基本程序 做汉译英时一般应经过以下步骤: (1)通读并透彻理解全文。 (2)紧紧抓住文章的逻辑关系,透过语言的表层现象,深入到文章的深层结构,找出中心信息和外围信息。 (3)组织译文的结构,根据各层意思选择句子结构,搭起基本框架;根据上下文选择适当的词汇和表达手段,特别要按英语的表达逻辑来调整语句。如"虽然…但是",在译成英文时不能译成Although…but…,而只能译成Although he is poor,he is well contented."他虽穷却能知足常乐。" (4)最后审校。这是不可缺少的一个重要环节,而且在最后审校时一定要对照原文,这样才能检查出译文在理解和表达上有什么问题,是否有错译和漏译,以便及时改正。 4.汉译英复习要点和应试技巧 考生在复习备考时既要注意培养翻译的技能意识,又要提高语言的实际运用能力。从考试大纲看,汉译英基本以议论文为主,涉及社会生活、政治、文化、经济及一般科技等方面。因此我们建议考生在考前复习准备时要多留心阅读这类体裁的文章,要多积累,多比较,尽量熟悉英语语言特点,并积累词汇。另外,还应注意汉译英在词性、句式和表达习惯上的特点,掌握丰富的变通手段,努力提高行文能力。 词汇和句式是语言的核心部分,要做好汉英短文翻译,关键是选择恰当的词汇和句式。词汇是语言的建筑材料,文章译得好不好,能不能达意,都与选词有密切的关系。要选好词,必须注意以下几点: 1)词义要确切。 应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义,才能准确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含义,如果混淆词义,很容易造成用词不当。 2)选词要贴切。 翻译时选词要注意语境和文章的文体,每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。英语中有许多同义词,平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法,因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。 3)用词要通俗易懂。 用词要规范,尽量使用书面语言,少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调,以免影响译文效果。 4)用词要简洁有力。 简洁是为了清晰,译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力,反而使语言显得累赘。因此翻译时要避免用词重复罗嗦。 5)选词要多样化。 用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力;而选词多样化可以加强语言的表现力,使译文的表达更丰富。 举例来说,"北京是中国的首都,名胜古迹甚多"这句话该怎么译成英文?按照英语表达习惯,在译成英语时要把句中“是中国首都”处理成次要信息,把这部分当成"北京"的同位语处理,这样就译成:Beijing,the capital of China, has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty.通过这种手段可以使句子在逻辑和思想上连接起来,一方面突出了重要信息,另一方面也使语言更为紧凑。 |
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1.上课(Beginning a class)
(1)Let’s start now./Let’s begin our class/lesson. (2)Stand up,please. (3)Sit down,Pease. 2.问候(Greeting) (4)Hello,boys and girls/children. (5)Good morning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls. (6)Good afternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls. (7)How are you today? 3.考勤(Checking attendance) (8)Who’s on duty today?/Who’s helping this morning/today? (9)Is everyone/everybody here/present? (10)Is anyone away?/Is anybody away? (11)Is anyone absent?/Is anybody absent? (12)Who’s absent?/Who’s away? (13)Where is he/she? (14)Try to be on time./Don’t be late next time. (15)Go back to your seat,please. (16)What day is it today? (17)What’s the date today? (18)What’s the weather like today? (19)What’s it like outside? 4.宣布(Announcing) (20)Let’s start working./Let’s begin/start a new lesson./Let’s begin/start our lesson. (21)First,let’s review/do some review. (22)What did we learn In the last lesson? (23)Who can tell/remember what we did In the last lesson/ yesterday? (24)Now we’re going to do something new/different./Now let’s learn something new. (25)We have some now words/sentences. 5.提起注意(Directing attention) (26)Ready?/Are you ready? (27)Did you get there?/Do you understand? (28)Is that clear? (29)Any volunteers? (30)Do you know what to do? (31)Be quiet,please./Quiet,please. (32)Listen,please. (33)Listen carefully,please. (34)Listen to the tape recorder/the recording. (35)Look carefully,please. (36)Look over here. (37)Watch carefully. (38)Are your watching? (39)Please look at the black-board/picture/map… (40)Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation. 6.课堂活动(Classroom activities) (41)Start!/Start now. (42)Everybody together./All together. (43)Practise in a group./Practise In groups/In groups,please. (44)Get into groups of three/four… (45)Every body find a partner/friend. (46)In pairs,please. (47)One at a time./Let’s do It one by one. (48)Now you,please./Your turn(Students name). (49)Next,please.Now you do the same,please. (50)Let’s act./Let’s act out/do the dialogue. (51)Who wants to be A? (52)Practise the dialogue,please. (53)Now Tom will be A,and the other half will be B. (54)Please take(play)the part of… (55)Whose turn is It? (56)It’s your turn. (57)Wait your turn,please. (58)Stand inline./Line up. (59)One by one./One at a time,please. (60)In twos./In pairs. (61)Don’t speak out. (62)Turn around. 7.请求(Request) (63)Could you please try It again? (64)Could you please try the next one? (65)Will you please help me? 8.鼓励(Encouraging) (66)Can you try? (67)Try,please. (68)Try your best./Do your best. (69)Think it over and try again. (70)Don’t be afraid/shy. 9.指令(Issuing a command) (7)Say/Read after me,please. (72)Follow me,please. (73)Do what do. (7)Repeat,please./Repeat after me. (75)Once more,please./One more time,please. (7)Come here,please. (77)Please come to the front./Come up and write on the blackboard/chalkboard. (78)Come and write It on the blackboard. (79)Please go back to your seat. (80)In English,please. (81)Put your hand up,please.Raise your hand,please. (82)Put your hands down,please./Hands down,please. (83)Say it/Write it in Chinese/English. (84)Please take out your books. (85)Please open your books at page…/Find page…/Turn to Page… (86)Please answer the question/questions./Please answer my qllllst1On(s). (87)Please read this letter/word/sentence out loud./Please readout this letter/word/sentence. (88)Please stop now./Stop now,please./Stop here,please. (89)Clean up your desk/the classroom,please. (90)It’s clean-up time./Tidy up your desk/the classroom. (91)Put your things away./Clean off your desk./Pick up the scraps? (92)Clean the blackboard. (93)Plug in the tape-recorder,please. (94)Put the tape-recorder away. (95)Put the tap,In it’s box/cassette. (96)Listen and repeat. (97)Look and listen. (98)Repeat after me. (99)Follow the words. (100)Fast./Quickly!/Be quick,please. (101)Hurry!/Hurry up,please. (102)Slow down,please. (10)Slowly. (104)Bring me some chalk,please. 10.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warning) (105)Stop talking./Stop talking now,please. (106)Don’t talk./Everybody quiet,please. (107)Don’t be silly. (108)Settle down. 11.评价 (109)Good,thank you. ( 10)Good/Very good./God job./Good work./Good example. (111)A good answer./Nice work. (112)Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./I like the way you (13)That’s Interesting! (114)Don’t worry about It./No problem. (115)OK!/That’s OK. (116)I don’t think so. (117)That’s not quite right,any other answers?/That’s close/That’s almost right. (118)Not quite,can anyone help him/her?/try again. (119)A good try. 12.布置作业(Setting homework) (120)For today’s homework… (121)Practise after class./Practise at home. (122)Say it out loud,before you write It down. (123)Copy/Print/Write each word twice. (124)Remember(Memorize)these words/sentences. (125)Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart. (126)Do your homework./Do the next lesson./Do the new work. 13.下课(Dismissing the class) (127)Hand in your workbooks,please. (128)Time is up. (129)The bell is ringing. (130)There’s the bell. (131)There goes the bell. (132)Let’s stop here. (133)That’s all for today. (134)Class is over. (135)Good bye./Bye./See you next time. |
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accredited journalist n. 特派记者
advertisement n.广告 . advance n.预发消息;预写消息 affair n.桃色新闻;绯闻 anecdote n.趣闻轶事 assignment n.采写任务 attribution n. 消息出处,消息来源 back alley news n. 小道消息 backgrounding n.新闻背景 Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。 banner n.通栏标题 beat n.采写范围 blank vt. "开天窗" body n. 新闻正文 boil vt.压缩(篇幅) box n. 花边新闻 brief n. 简讯 bulletin n.新闻简报 byline n. 署名文章 caption n.图片说明 caricature n.漫画 carry vt.刊登 cartoon n.漫画 censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件),新闻审查 chart n.每周流行音乐排行版 clipping n.剪报 column n.专栏;栏目 columnist n.专栏作家 continued story 连载故事;连载小说 contributing editor 特约编辑 contribution n.(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿 contributor n.投稿人 copy desk n.新闻编辑部 copy editor n.文字编辑 correction n.更正(启事) correspondence column读者来信专栏 correspondent n.驻外记者;常驻外埠记者 cover vt.采访;采写 cover girl n. 封面女郎 covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访 crop vt.剪辑(图片) crusade n.宣传攻势 cut n.插图 vt.删减(字数) cut line n.插图说明 daily n.日报 dateline n.新闻电头 deadline n.截稿时间 dig vt.深入采访;追踪(新闻线索);“挖”(新闻) digest n.文摘 editorial n.社论 editorial office 编辑部 editor's notes 编者按 exclusive n.独家新闻 expose n.揭丑新闻;新闻曝光 extra n.号外 eye-account n.目击记;记者见闻 faxed photo 传真照片 feature n.特写;专稿 feedback n.信息反馈 file n.发送消息;发稿 filler n.补白 First Amendment (美国宪法)第一修正案(内容有关新闻、出版自由等) five "W's" of news 新闻五要素 flag n.报头;报名 folo (=follow-up) n.连续报道 Fourth Estate 第四等级(新闻界的别称) freedom of the Press 新闻自由 free-lancer n.自由撰稿人 full position 醒目位置 Good news comes on crutches. 好事不出门。 grapevine n.小道消息 gutter n.中缝 hard news 硬新闻;纯消息 headline n.新闻标题;内容提要 hearsay n.小道消息 highlights n. 要闻 hot news 热点新闻 human interest 人情味 in-depth reporting 深度报道 insert n.& vt.插补段落;插稿 interpretative reporting 解释性报道 invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私(权) inverted pyramid 倒金字塔(写作结构) investigative reporting 调查性报道 journalism n.新闻业;新闻学 Journalism is literature in a hurry 新闻是急就文学. journalist n.新闻记者 kill vt.退弃(稿件);枪毙(稿件) layout n.版面编排;版面设计 lead n.导语 libel n. 诽谤(罪) makeup n. 版面设计 man of the year 年度新闻人物,年度风云人物 mass communication 大众传播(学) mass media 大众传播媒介 master head n.报头;报名 media n.媒介,媒体 Mere report is not enough to go upon.仅是传闻不足为凭. morgue n.报刊资料室 news agency 通讯社 news clue 新闻线索 news peg 新闻线索,新闻电头 newsprint n.新闻纸 news value 新闻价值 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息;不闻凶讯便是吉。 nose for news 新闻敏感 obituary n.讣告 objectivity n.客观性 off the record 不宜公开报道 opinion poll 民意浏验 periodical n.期刊 pipeline n.匿名消息来源 popular paper 大众化报纸;通俗报纸 press n.报界;新闻界 press conference 新闻发布会;记者招待台 press law 新闻法 press release 新闻公告;新闻简报 PR man 公关先生 profile n. 人物专访;人物特写 proofreader n.校对员 pseudo event 假新闻 quality paper 高级报纸;严肃报纸 quarterly n.季刊 readability n.可读性 reader's interest 读者兴越 reject vt.退弃(稿件) remuneration n. 稿费;稿酬 reporter n.记者 rewrite vt. 改写(稿件),改稿 round-up n.综合消息 scandal n.丑闻 scoop vt.“抢”(新闻) n.独家新闻 sensational a.耸人听闻的;具有轰动效应的 sex scandal 桃色新闻 sidebar n.花絮新闻 slant n.主观报道;片面报道 slink ink “爬格子” soft news 软新闻 source n.新闻来源;消息灵通人士 spike vt.退弃(稿件);“枪毙”(稿件) stone vt.拼版 story n.消息;稿件;文章 stringer n.特约记者;通讯员 subhead n.小标题;副标题 supplement n.号外;副刊;增刊 suspended interest 悬念 thumbnail n.“豆腐干”(文章) timeliness n.时效性;时新性 tip n.内幕新闻;秘密消息 trim n. 删改(稿件) update n.更新(新闻内容),增强(时效性) watchdog n.&vt.舆论监督 weekly n.周报 wire service n.通讯社 |
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Merry Christmas and Best Wishes for a Happy New Year!
Beautiful dream comes true Bring you Good wishes of happiness. This Christmas and on the coming year. During this Season may the joy and love of Christmas be yours. Each Christmas brings me wonderful thoughts and memories... and you get lots of presents, Oh well, Merry Christmas. Greeting you warmly with a wish that's sincere for a healthy happy and wonderful days. Have a heartwarming holiday! Warmest wishes for a very merry Christmas Have a Wonderful Holiday Season! Here are special greetings And the best of wishes, too - May Christmas and the coming year Bring happiness to you! Hope your holiday is great and your New Year a prosperous one. Hope you holidays are filled with all you favorite things this Christmas ... and all the happiness you could wish for. I could always tell that you wrapped Santa's presents I hope you will join with me in bringing in the new spring. HAPPY HOLIDAYS! In our hearts, we'll always be near Merry Christmas! Joy to the World. Wishing you an extremely merry Christmas Joyous Christmas! Warm Holiday Wishes! May Happiness follow wherever you go May Peace and Happiness be with you at this holy Christmas season and always. May magic fill your days and all your dreams come true this holiday season. May the blessings of Christmas fill you heart with hope and joy! May the joy and peace of Christmas be with you today and always. May the light of our Savior's love be with you at Christmas and always... and all the happiness you could wish for. May the light of the holiday season shine brightly in your heart May the magic of this Christmas season fill your heart with peace. May you be blessed with all things bright and beautiful at Christmastime and Always May your Christmas be merry as a song And your heart be happy the whole year long! May your days be filled with love and light. wanted. Merry Christmas ... and all the happiness you could wish for. Merry Christmas and then happy days over and over again ! Peace on earth, good will to men... Season's Greetings and Best Wishes for the Coming year Sending you wishes for holidays that begin and on a happy note. Wishing you happiness always. Sing a song of seasons; Something bright in all ... Sleight bells are jingling through the night. Children are singing spirits and bright ... Merry Christmas! Should you see flowers in bloom, you would see smiles at a lover of beauty. Thanks for making every thing right! Merry Christmas! The Christmas we were going to tell everyone that the real meaning of the Season was not gifts ... The presents are wrapped, the stockings all hung, all that's left now is the holiday fun! Merry Christmas! This holiday season, it seems everyone is watching their weight ... To be frazzled! Best wishes for a calm and peaceful and Holiday Season! To wish you all the joy of Christmas and happiness all through the New Year. To wish you happiness at Christmas time. To wish you happiness for the Christmas season and the coming year. We wish you a merry Christmas & a happy new year. Wishing you a bright white holiday full of love... Wishing You a Happy Christmas and to hope the New Year too. Will be a very prosperous Healthy and Happy Time for you ... Wishing you all the blessings of a beautiful Christmas seasons Wishing you all the joys of the Christmas season and have very happy New Year may you enjoy good health in the coming year Wishing you and those around you a very merry Christmas and a wonderful New Year Wishing you the Gifts of Peace and Happiness this Christmas and throughout the New Year |
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Abbas Khalaf ,伊拉克驻俄大使
Abdelaziz Bouteflika 阿尔及利亚总统 Abdel-Razzak al-Yahya, 巴勒斯坦内务部长 Abdullah,阿布杜拉(人名) Abdul Qadir,阿富汗副总统 Abuja,阿布贾,尼日利亚首都 Abu Sayyaf,阿布萨耶夫(菲律宾组织) Aceh,印尼省名 Agent Orange,橙剂 Ahmadabad, 印度城市 Ahmad Tejan Kabbah 塞拉利昂总统 Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 土耳其总统 Akihiko,日本天皇 al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades,阿克萨烈士旅 Alassane Dramane Ouattara 象牙海岸反对党领袖 Albanian,阿尔巴尼亚人 Albert Einstein, 爱因斯坦 Alejandro Toledo .秘鲁总统 Aleksander Kwasniewski,波兰总统 Algeria,阿尔及利亚 Algerine阿尔及利亚的 Algiers 阿尔及尔(阿尔及利亚首都) Al Gore ,美国前副总统 Al-Hayat, 伦敦一报名 Ali Rodriguez, OPEC 秘书长 All Parties Hurriyat Conference(印控克什米尔一组织) al-Qaida,(拉登的)阿尔凯达基地组织 Al-Jazeera television,(卡塔尔)半岛电视台 Amarnath caves,印控克什米尔地名 Ambon*, 印尼城市 Amman,安曼(约旦首都) Amr Moussa, 阿拉伯联盟秘书长Arab League Secretary General Armenian Orthodox christian religious,美国东正教 Andean organization,安第斯组织 Andres Pastrana 哥伦比亚总统 Angola 安哥拉 Angolan 安哥拉人,安哥拉的 Ankara,安卡拉(土耳其首都) Ann M. Veneman ,美国农业部长 Antananarivo 马达加斯加岛首都 Anthony Zinni 美国官员 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 印度当选总统 Arequipa 阿雷基帕[秘鲁南部城市] Ariel Sharon 以色列总理沙龙 Ari Fleischer, 白宫发言人 Arusha 坦桑尼亚城市 Ashkhabad* 阿什哈巴德[土库曼斯坦共和国首都] Asian,亚洲人,亚洲的 Astana, 哈萨克斯坦首都 Atlanta, Georgia亚特兰大[美国佐治亚州首府] Atlantis,美国航天飞机名 Atal Behari Vajpayee , 印度总理瓦杰帕伊 Aung San Suu Kyi 缅甸反对党领导人 Awami League,孟加拉国主要反对党 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,伊朗最高领导人(霍梅尼) Ayohya 印度城镇名 Bagdad 巴格达 Baghlan province,阿富汗一省名 Bahrein*巴林(国家名) Baikonur space launch center,Baikonur宇航发射中心(在哈萨克斯坦) Bamiong province Bangkok,曼谷(泰国首都) Bangladesh,孟加拉国 Barents Sea,巴伦支海(俄) Bashar al-Assad, 叙利亚总统 Basilan*菲律宾岛屿 Bekaa Valley,贝卡[黎巴嫩中部一谷地] Belarus,白俄罗斯 Belgrade*贝尔格莱德(南斯拉夫首都) Belize伯利兹城(洪都拉斯首都) Beirut贝鲁特(黎巴嫩的首都,为一海港) Bethlehem.伯利恒(耶路撒泠南方六英里一市镇,耶稣诞生地) Benevolence International Foundation Bharatiya Janata (Hindu Nationalist Party) Bill White (VOA) Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, 以色列国防部长 Blawayo..津巴布韦城市 Bob Dugty (VOA) Bob Dylan, 音乐家名 Bogotá.波哥大(哥伦比亚首都) Bolivia, Bolivian玻利维亚(南美洲西部国家) Brazzaville.布拉扎维(刚果共和国首都) Brooklyn bridge布鲁克林大桥 Brussels布鲁塞尔(比利时首都) Buenos Aires,布宜诺斯艾利斯(阿根廷) Bulent Ecevit,土耳其总理 Bulgaria,保加利亚 Burma缅甸 Byelorussia白俄罗斯 Cairo开罗 Cali (哥伦比亚城市) Cam Ranh* bay 金兰湾(越南) Cambodia高棉, 柬埔寨 Cameroon.喀麦隆(非洲西部国家) Canaveral卡纳维拉尔角(美国佛罗里达州) Canterbury, (英国)坎特伯雷 Cape Canaveral卡纳维拉尔角(美国佛罗里达州) Caracas 加拉加斯(委内瑞拉首都) Carlos Menem, 智利前总统 Caribbean Sea.加勒比海 Caspian Sea里海 CGIL Charles Taylor (The President of Liberia) Chebaa farms area Chechnya (Chechen) Chevron Texaco,谢夫隆-德士古(石油)公司 Chile Chosun,韩国一报纸名 Christina Rocca, assistant secretary of state Clark Randt (U.S. Ambassador to China) Colin Powell Colombia Condoleezza Rice (National Security Advisor) Congo Costa Rica Crowfort, Texas Cyber- Cyprus, Cypriot Czech Republic Dalai Lama Dallas, Texas Damascus Daniel Pearl (a reporter’s name) Dari (Afghanistan major Language) Dennis Hastert,美众院发言人 Dessau, 德国城市名 Devlet Bahcel, 土耳其副总理 Dhaka Dick Cheney Didier Ratsiraka (Madagascar’s president) Diffa, 尼日尔城镇 Djerba (Tunisia island) Djibouti Donald Evans,American Commerce Secretary Donald Rumsfeld Dough Johnson ,Dow Johnson (VOA) Dow-Jones Industrial average, .道琼斯工业指数 Dresden,德累斯顿(德国Saxony邦首府) East Timor Ecuador Eduardo Duhalde (Argentine President) Eduard Shevardnadze (Georgian President) Egyptian Elbe River,易北河(流经中欧) El Nino El Salvador Elvis Presley 著名摇滚歌手(美) Enron (company America) Erfurt* Eritrea Ernie Els,南非职业高尔夫球选手 ETA ,.巴斯克分裂主义者运动组织 Ethiopia Farq Fatah-Tanzim movement of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat Faustine Kowalska, 波兰女圣徒 Fidel Castro Filipinos Florence Frankfurt法兰克福 Frida, 电影名,描写的是墨西哥人Firda Kahlo的故事 Gale Norton (Interior Secretary) Ganges* Gardez 阿富汗地名 Paktia省会 Gaza Geidar Aliev, Azeri President Geneva Conventions Geoff Hoon Georgia State George Fernandes, Indian Defense Minister George Tenet (CIA chief) Georgetown University,乔治敦大学(美) Georgia Gerhard Schroeder, German chancellor Ghanaian Gladys Kessler,美联邦法官 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Goh Chok Tong , 新加坡总理 Golan Heights Gonaives, 海地城镇名 Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada 玻利维亚总统 Grozny, 车臣首都 Guatemala Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Gujarat (Indian State) Gultari area,巴控克什米尔一地区 Haifa (Israeli city) Hague hajj/haji/haj (Mecca) Haji Abdul Qadir, 阿富汗已故副总统 Hama Amadou 尼日尔总理 Hamas (the Islamic militant group) Hamburg, 汉堡,德国城市 Hamid Karzai Hanoi Hawaii Harare哈拉雷,津国首都 Hebrew University,希伯来大学 Hebron Helen Clark, 新西兰总理 Herat province,阿富汗省名 Hermon aera (Golan Height) Hezbollah Hilversum city (Dutch) Hima* ethnic group Hindu Kush mountains Hiroshima Hollywood Hosni Mubarak Hubble Space Telescope Hugo Chavez (Venezuelan President) Hungary Hun Sen Hurriyat,印控克什米尔一分离组织名称 Hutomo Mandala Putra,"Tommy Soeharto"印尼前总统之子 Hutu (Rwandan ) Hyderabad, Pakistani city Igor Ivanov, Russian Foreign Minister Inamul Haq, .巴基斯坦外交部长Pakistani Foreign Minister Inchon Ingushetia,Republic of (俄) Interfax News Agency (Russia's) Iraq Isaias Rodriguez (Venezuelan Attorney General) Islamabad Ismail Khan,Herat 省长(阿富汗) Israeli Itar-Tass Jack Strow (Zimbabwe foreign minister) Jakarta Jacques Chirac (French President) Jakarta ,Djakarta Jalalabad James Traficant, 美一(被开除的)众议员 Jammu Jaswant Singh (Indian Foreign Minister) Jean-Bertrand Aristide,海地总统 Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Pierre Raffarin Jenin Jericho*, West Bank Jerusalem Jidda(h) Jihad Jimmy Carter Jim Tedder John Ashcroft (Attorney General) John Bolton, 美国副国务卿 John Howard, Austrilan Prime Minister Jonas Savimbi (UNITA) Jordan Jose Maria Aznar 西班牙总理 Joseph Biden , 外交委员会主席(美参院) Joseph Kabila ,Congo president Juan Carlos 西班牙国王 Julie Taymor, 著名美国导演 Junichiro Koizumi (Japanese Prime Minister) Kabul Kabyle area 阿尔及利亚一地区 Kamal Kharrazi ,Iranian Foreign Minister Kampala, 坎帕拉[乌干达首都] Kandahar Kano* ,negirian city Karachi Kashmir Kathmandu Kazakhstan Kazvin(Qazvin) (Iran’s province) Kentucky Derby,(美国)肯塔基赛马会 Kenyan Kerala,.喀拉拉邦(印度西南部) Kfar Saba (Israeli town) Khaleda Zia, 孟加拉总理 Khan Yunis* refugee camp Kim Chong-il (North Korean leader) Kim Dae-jung (South Korean leader) Kinshasa* Kinya kirghizia Kodori Gorge area of the northwestern part of Georgia. Koffi Annan Kos, Island of -, 科斯岛(希腊岛屿) Kosovo Krakow,克拉科夫(波兰城市) Krishna Kant,印度副总统 K.R. Narayanan, 印度总统(即将退位) Kuala Lumpur Kunar,阿富汗一省名 Kupwara district, 克什米尔一地区 Kursk,库尔斯克号潜艇(俄) Kuwait Kyoto Climate Control Treaty Kyrgyzstan Laghman,阿富汗一省名 Lebanese Lebanon Lahore (Parkistan’s city) Las Veigas, 拉斯维加斯,在内华达州 Laos Laurent Gbagbo 象牙海岸总统 Laurent Kabila,刚果总统 Lendu ethnic group Leonid D. Kuchma,乌克兰总统 Lesotho Liberia Likud party (Israeli party) Lima Lionel Jospin (French Prime Minister,) Lithuania Libya Lockerbie,洛克比,苏格兰一地名 Logar,阿富汗一省名 Lord's Resistance Army , 乌干达反叛组织 Louisiana,路易斯安那, (美国南部的州名) loya jirga Luxor (Egyptian city) Lviv, 乌克兰城市名 Madagascar Magbeburg, 德国城市名 Mahathir Mohamad, (Malaysian ) Makiko Tanaka, 日本前外相(女) Makwanpar,尼泊尔一地区名 Malawi Malaysian Maluku, 马鲁古群岛(印尼) Mamadou Tandja , 尼日尔总统 Manama (Bahrain's capital) Mandalay (Burmese city p265) Manil(l)a Maputo ,the capital of Mozambique Maracay ,Venezualan city Marc Ravalomanana (Madagascar) Marseille* Marwan Jamil Al-Muasher, 约旦外长 Mary Tillotson (VOA) Marza-e Sharif Mastoi,巴基斯坦一部族 Mauritania Mecca Meerwala, 巴基斯坦城镇名 Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesian president Meghna River Meir Shitreet,以色列司法部长Israeli Justice minister Mercosur trade group,南美贸易组织 Messina, 墨西拿an Italian town Michael Melchior, Israeli deputy Foreign Minister * Michiko (Japanese Empress) Mike O'Brien, 英国外交部长 Mikle Spike Milan Mindanao Moammar Gadhafi, 利比亚总统卡扎菲 Mogadishu, the capital of Somali Mohammad Fahim (Afghan Defense Minister) Mohammad Khatami (the president of Iran) Mohammad Zahir Shah (Afghan FORMer King) Monrovia, Liberian capital Montenegro Monterrey, Mexico Morgan Tsvangirai Moroccan Morocco Moshe Katzav, Israeli President Mountain Konggang Mozambique Mullah Mohammad Omar Murree, 巴基斯坦城镇名 Nabil Shaath ,巴勒斯坦国际合作部部长 Nablus Nagasaki. Nahrin area northeast of Kabul. Nairobi Napoleon Bonaparte Naji Sabri 伊拉克外交部长 Nasdaq composite index, 纳斯达克综合指数 Nauru,瑙鲁(岛)[西太平洋岛国](在赤道附近) Nazi Nepal Nepalese Netherlands Nevada,内华达州(美) New Delhi* Newport Folk Festival,新港民族节? Niamey, 尼亚美[尼日尔首都] Nicaragua Niger, 尼日尔(非洲中西部国家) Nigeria Ninja group Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, 南非外长 Norouz,依朗一报纸名 Norwegian Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan’s Oakland University, 美国奥克兰大学 Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigerian President) Omar Hassan al-Bashir,苏丹总统Sudanese President Orthodox church Osama bin Laden Otto Schily, German Interior Minister Paek Nam Sun , (北)朝鲜外长 Paktia 阿富汗省名 Palestinian Pan Am 泛美航空公司(美国) Panama Pankisi Gorge area,乔治亚(前苏联)一地区 Papua New Guinea Paraguay Pashtun Pastrana Paul Wolfowitz (Deputy Defense Secretary) Pedro Carmona (Venezuela temporary government head) Persian Peruvian Pervez Musharraf(Pakistan president) Peshawar*(Pakistani city) Philippine Philip Ruddock, Immigration Minister Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician Portugal Portugese Prague Presovo valley, 塞尔维亚地名 Price Saudi Al Faisal (Saudi Foreign Minister) Pulitzer Prizes Punjab state (Pakistan) Putrajaya the new Malaysian capital? Pyongyang Qalqilya Quds University, 巴勒斯坦一大学 Radovan Karadzic,前波斯尼亚-塞尔维亚领导人 Rafah Rajiv Gandhi Rajouri,印控克什米尔一地区名 Rally of the Republicans Party, 象牙海岸反对党 Ramallah Rangoon Ranil Wickremasinghe,斯里兰卡总理 Rawalpindi* Rene Harris,瑙鲁总统Nauru's President Reuters Richard Armitage (US) Richard Rael reporting. Richter Scale Riyadh* Robert Coin (VOA) Robert Mueller (FBI) Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe president) Rotterdam* Rowan Williams,新被任命的坎特伯雷大主教 Russia Rwanda Saadoun Hammadi 伊拉克议会发言人 Saeb Erekat, 巴勒斯坦谈判代表Palestinian negotiator Saddam Hussein Saint Kitts and Nevis Salam Faiad, 巴勒斯坦财政部长 Salfit, 巴勒斯坦城镇名 Sami Al-Arian, 南佛罗里达州大学一教授 Sanaa Santa Pola, 西班牙地名 Sao Paulo* Sarajevo Saud al-Faisal 沙特外长 Saudi Arabia Scott Speicher , Commander Serbian Sergio Vieira de Mello, 新任命的联合国人权专员 Seville (Spanish city) Shah-e-Kot area Sher Bahadur Deuba (Nepal) Shas; the United Torah Judaism party Shiite Shimon Peres, Israeli foreign minister Shindand ,阿富汗一空军基地 Siberia Sidon Sierra Leone Simmon Peres (Israeli foreign minister) Sinpo, 新浦(朝鲜港市) Slobodan Milosevic Soeharto,印尼前总统苏哈托 Sohag province (Egyptian) Somali*, Somalia Soudan, Sudan South Carolina South Korea Soyuz rocket, Russian Srebrenica* town Sri Lankan Srinagar Steve Ember (VOA) Stockholm St. Petersburg Strasbourg (French city) Sudan, Sudanese Sunni Surabaya*,Indonesian city Swaziland Sweden Swiss Switzerland Syria Tadzhikistan Tajik,塔吉克人 Taliban Tal Aviv Tamil Tanta (Egypt) Tanzania Tasman Sea,塔斯曼海Australia's east coast Teh(e)ran* Tel Aviv* Tennessee Texas Thailand Thabo Mbeki (South African President) Thaksin Shinawatra, Thai Prime Minister Tiam, 苏丹城镇名 Tiaret area west of Algiers Tom Ridge (USA homeland security) Tomy Franks (United States central command chief) Tony Blair Toumani Toure, 马里总统 Tran Duc Luong,越南主席陈德良 Tripoli, 的黎波里(利比亚首都) Tsfat, 以色列城镇名 Tsutomu Takebe,日本农业大臣 Tubas (West Bank town) Tulkarm (Palestinian twon) Tunisia Tutsi (Rwandan minority) Ugandan UNITA UNITO Uruguay Uzbekistan Vaclav Havel, 捷克总统 VALENCIA* Vatican City Velupillai Prabhakaran (Tamil Tiger rebels) Venezuela Venice Verona (an Italian city) Vienna Vietnam Vietnamese Viktor Yushchenko (Ukraine prime minister) Virginia Vladimir Putin Vladimir Ustinov, 俄检查总长 Vladivostok,符拉迪沃斯托克( 中国传统称海参崴) Volodymyr Shkidchenko 乌克兰国防部长 Volodymyr Strelnykov, 乌克兰空军司令 Wafa, 沙特一人权组织 War Emblem,一匹著名赛马的名字 Westminster Hall Wim Kok, Dutch Prime Minister Windsor Castle Xanana Gusmao, East Timor Yangyang 韩国城市 Yasser Arafat Yoriko Kawaguchi (Japanese Foreign minister) Yoweri Museveni , 乌干达总统 Yugoslavia Yunis Qanuni (Afghan interior minister) Zahir Shah, king of Afghanistan Zambia Zimbabwe Zamboanga, 菲律宾城市名 Agent Orange 橘剂 Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚人 Algeria 阿尔及利亚 Algiers 阿尔及尔(阿尔及利亚首都) OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 Amman 安曼(约旦王国首都) Angola 安哥拉 Ankara 安卡拉(土耳其首都) Ashkhabad 阿什哈巴德(土库曼斯坦共和国 Turkmenistan首都) Atlanta, 亚特兰大,Georgia佐治亚洲首府 Bagdad 巴格达(伊拉克首都) Bahrain 巴林(国名,位于阿拉伯半岛) Bangkok 曼谷(泰国首都) Bangladesh 孟加拉共和国 Belgrade 贝尔格莱德(前南斯拉夫首都) Belize 伯利兹(一中美洲国家) Beirut 贝鲁特(黎巴嫩首都) Bethlehem 伯利恒(耶稣诞生地) Bolivia 玻利维亚 Brazzaville 布拉柴维尔(刚果首都) Brooklyn bridge 布鲁克林(纽约西南部工业区)桥 Brussels 布鲁塞尔(比利时首都) Buenos Aires 布宜诺斯艾利斯(阿根廷首都) Bulgaria 保加利亚 Burma 缅甸 Byelorussia 白俄罗斯 Cairo 开罗 Cambodia 柬埔寨 Cameroon 喀麦隆 Caracas 加拉加斯(委内瑞拉首都) Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 Caspian Sea 里海 Chile 智利 Colombia 哥伦比亚 Congo 刚果 Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加 Cyber- 电脑的,自动控制的 Cyprus 塞浦路斯 Czech Republic 捷克共和国 Dalai Lama 达赖喇嘛 Dallas, 达拉斯 Texas德州城市 Damascus 大马士革 (叙利亚首都) Djibouti 吉布提(东非一个共和国及其首都) East Timor 东帝汶 Ecuador 厄瓜多尔 El Nino 厄尔尼诺 El Salvador 萨尔瓦多(中美洲一共和国) Eritrea 厄立特里亚省 Ethiopia (埃塞俄比亚一省) Ganges 恒河 Golan Heights 戈兰高地 Guatemala 危地马拉 Hague 海牙(荷兰行政中心) Hamburg 汉堡(德国城市) Hanoi 河内(越南首都) Hawaii 夏威夷 Hiroshima 广岛(日本) Hollywood 好莱坞 Hungary 匈牙利 Iraq 伊拉克 Islamabad 伊斯兰堡(巴基斯坦首都) Jakarta 雅加达(印尼首都) Jerusalem 耶路撒冷 Kabul 喀布尔(阿富汗首都) Karachi 卡拉奇(巴基斯坦) Kashmir 克什米尔 Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦 Kinshasa 金沙萨(扎伊尔共和国首都) kirghizia 吉尔吉斯斯坦 Kuala Lumpur 吉隆坡(马来西亚首都) Kuwait 科威特 Lebanon 黎巴嫩 Laos 老挝 Lesotho 莱索托 Liberia 利比里亚 Likud 利库德集团 Lima 利马(秘鲁首都) Lithuania 立陶宛 Libya 利比亚 Madagascar 马达加斯加 Malawi 马拉维 Manama 马纳马(巴林首都) Manila 马尼拉(菲律宾首都) Mauritania 毛里塔尼亚 Mecca 麦加 Milan 米兰 Monrovia 蒙罗维亚(利比亚首都) Montenegro 黑山共和国 Morocco 摩洛哥 Mozambique 莫桑比克 Nagasaki 长崎 Nairobi 内罗毕(肯尼亚共和国首都) Napoleon Bonaparte 拿破仑 波拿巴 Nauru 瑙鲁(太平洋岛国) Nazi 纳粹(复数) Nepal 尼泊尔 Netherlands 荷兰 Nicaragua 尼加拉瓜 Nigeria 尼日利亚 Ninja 忍着 Panama 巴拿马 Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚 Paraguay 巴拉圭 Portugal 葡萄牙 Prague 布拉格 Pulitzer Prizes 普利策奖 Pyongyang 平壤 Rangoon 仰光 Reuters 路透社 Richter Scale 李氏地震分等标准 Riyadh 利雅得(沙特首都) Rotterdam 鹿特丹 Rwanda 卢旺达 Sarajevo 萨拉热窝 Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯 Senegal 塞内加尔 Shiite 什叶派教徒 Siberia 西伯利亚 Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂 Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡 Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩 Sudan 苏丹 Swaziland 史瓦济兰(东非国家) Sweden 瑞典 Switzerland 瑞士 Syria 叙利亚 Tadzhikistan 塔吉克斯坦 Tanzania 坦桑尼亚 Tennessee 田纳西 Thailand 泰国 Tunisia 突尼斯 Ugandan 乌干达 Uruguay 乌拉圭 VALENCIA 巴伦西亚(西班牙城市) Vatican City 梵蒂冈城 Venezuela 委内瑞拉 Venice 威尼斯 Vienna 维也纳 Vietnam 越南 Virginia 弗吉尼亚 Yugoslavia 南斯拉夫 Zambia 赞比亚 Zimbabwe 津巴布韦 ok, call it a day! |
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| 发表于: 英语实用知识 » 常用的英语格言和成语 » 加入讨论 | |
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作者:bennyzhu
许多人在演讲、写作或谈话中,喜欢引用一些格言 (adage)、成语 (proverb) 或引语 (quotation) 等,使其内容更加活泼生动,有时还能收到「事半功倍」之效。我们也可以模仿。 值得一提的是:成语或格言,一般而言,都是照原文独立使用。不过有时也可用在新的句子里;有时也可用肯定句或否定句;有时动词时态也可稍加改变;这要看使用时的情况而定。但无论如何,必须保持原文的完整性。在此,先以第一句为例,希望能收「举一反三」之效。 (1) You can not teach an old dog new tricks ── 照字面意思是:你不能教老狗学新的把戏。也就是说:年老守旧的人,不易改变旧的作风,或接受新的事物和新思想。(Some people find it impossible to change their ways; or older people can not accept the changes or new ideas.) 虽然这句成语可以独立使用,但只要能维持原文的完整性,也可「动些手脚」。例如: Stop trying to teach an old dog new tricks; you are just wasting time.(别想教老狗新花样,你只是白花时间。) Are you trying to teach an old dog new tricks? He is impossible. Don‘t try to teach an old dog new tricks.(impossible 是指顽固成性、墨守成规的人。) I have tried teaching an old dog new tricks, but it doesn‘t work.(注:教狗不直接用 teach,要用 try to teach。) (2) All that glitters is not gold. ── 字面的意思是:所有能闪闪发光的东西,未必都是黄金。换言之,就是许多外表漂亮的物品,未必都是真正的宝贝。因为也许是金玉其外,败絮其中,或是中看不中用。(not every beautiful thing is valuable. 也有人说成:All is not gold that glitters. (glitter 是动词,意思是闪闪发光或光彩夺目。) 也可用在句子里: I told my students that all that glitters is not gold. 还有一句相似的成语: Don‘t judge a book by its cover. (意思是:不能以书皮的美丑,去判断书的内容好坏。) (3) Pepole (或 Those) who live in glass houses should not throw stones (或 rocks) ── 照字面的意思是:住在玻璃屋里的人不可丢石头。也就是说,世间没有十全十美的人,每个人都有缺点,所以不要批评别人。即所谓「自身有短,勿批他人」。(Nobody is perfect, so we should not criticize others.) 类似的,还有: Don‘t judge a man until you have walked a mile in his shoes. (除非你充分了解人家的立场,不可轻易作出评估。) (judge = criticize; have walked a mile in his shoes = have understood his situation well enough) 另一句是: Judge not lest ye be judged. (来自圣经)(意思是:不要批评别人,免得将来也被别人批评。)(ye 是古字 = you;lest 是连接词,意思是唯恐或免得。)就是: 所以我们也可以说: He told his children“Judge not lest ye be judged.” (4) It is more blessed to give than to receive. ── 意思是:施比受更有福。也就是劝人多多行善,帮助他人。(blessed 是形容词,意思是幸福的,受尊敬的。)这句话不但可独立使用,也可用在不同的句子里: Especially during Christmas time, it‘s more blessed to give than to receive.(尤其在圣诞时更要助人) The longer I live the more I realize that it is more blessed to give than to receive.(我活得愈久,愈体会到施比受更有福。) (5) Every cloud has a silver lining. ── 照字面的意思是,每一个阴云中,都有一点银白的衬层。换句话就是,每一个不好的情况,也有好的一面。即所谓「黑暗中总有一线光明」。(Something good in every situation; or there is a positive side in everything.) (lining 是名词,意思是内衬或环衬。)所以劝人不可悲观,就可以说: Don‘t be so grumpy and pessimistic because every cloud has a silver lining. (不要这麽暴躁和悲观,事情也有好的一面。) (6) A rolling stone gathers no moss. ── 这是一句老俗语,但还是很流行。照字面的意思是,转动的石头,是长不出苔藓的。也就是说,常常在工作上变动的人,较难得到很好的资历,也难受到别人的信任。即所谓「滚石不生苔,转业不聚财」。(One who is always on the move or changes jobs often will not save or keep much money.) 所以我们可以劝年轻人不可见异思迁,到时一事无成: Don‘t change your job too frequently because a rolling stone gathers no moss. (7) You can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink. ── 意思是说,带马到河边容易,但逼马饮水倒很困难。换句话说,有好的建议,尽管可以提出,但不能逼人家做他不愿做的事。因为人家不肯照著你的意思做,还是没有办法啊! (You can encourage, but not force, someone to do something; or you may give someone an advice, but you can‘t force him /her to follow it.) 例如: I can not force her to marry him. After all you can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink.(我不能逼她嫁给他。毕竟带马到河边容易,逼马饮水倒困难。) (8) Don‘t put all your eggs in one basket. ── 照字面意思是:不要把全部鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。也就是劝人不可把一切希望寄托在一个计画上,或集中全部的财力干一件事。(don‘t risk everything you have on a single plan or idea; don‘t forcus or invest too much in one specific area)(注:只用 basket,而不用 box 或 bag,也许因为从前农夫把鸡蛋拾起後,都放在篮子里。) 所以可以说: If you are spending all your money on that stock, you are putting all your eggs in one basket.(假如你把所有的钱投资在一种股票上,那就太冒险了。) I don‘t want to put all my eggs in one basket.(我不想冒著孤注一掷的风险。) (9) If you can not stand the heat, get (或 stay) out of the kitchen. 这句话,是过去美国总统 Harry Truman 的名言。意思是:如果你不能忍受炎热高温,你就应该离开厨房。也就是说,假如你缺乏精力与胆量,不能承受工作的压力,或是不能接受尖锐批评的勇气,那麽你就不要谋求或担任高层的职位。(这里的heat是指 stress 或pressure;kitchen 是指 office 或 position。)简单的说,就是: I know it is a very tough job; if you can‘t stand the heat, stay out of the kitchen.(我知道那是一个艰难的工作,假如你无法承受压力,你就应该离职。) (10) There is more than one way to skin a cat. 照字面的意思是:要剥一只猫的皮,不是只有一种方法。换句话说,要想达到相同的目标,是有很多的办法 (different ways of reaching the same goal)。 所以可以说: Don‘t be so stubborn about this problem because there is more than one way to skin a cat. (对这问题不必太固执,因为有许多方法可以解决。) (注:只用 skin,不用 kill;只用 cat,不用 dog。) (11) Don‘t throw the baby out with the bath water. 照字面的意思是:不要把小孩连同洗澡水一起倒掉。也就是说,不要因为过度热忱,把好的精华,连同不好的糟粕部份一起扔掉。(Don‘t throw out something valuable when getting rid of something useless; or don‘t throw away the good thing with the bad.) 所以可以说: When you attempt to design a new policy, don‘t throw the baby out with the bath water. (当你拟定新的政策时,不要把好的部份,连同不好的,一起扔掉。) (12) Too many cooks spoil the broth. (或 soup) 照字面意思就是:太多的厨师,反而把汤破坏了。也就是说,如果人太多,意见也多,反而不易做出决定。其实一个人作主就够了。(the more people work on a project, the worse it may turn out; or too many people or ideas may prevent from getting things done.) 所以可以说: I need to solve this problem myself; sometimes too many cooks spoil the broth. (我要自己解决这个问题,有时人多,意见多,反而无法决定。) (13) Where there is smoke, there is fire. 照字面的意思是:有烟的地方,就有火。也就是说:一件令人怀疑的事情,背後可能有些原因的存在。即所谓「无风不起浪」。 (suspicious things usually mean something is wrong; or there must be some reasons behind a suspicious event.) 所以可以说: I don‘t believe what he has said; where there is smoke, there is fire.(我不信他所说的,因为无风不起浪。) (14) When the cat is away, the mice will play. 这是一句非常流行的俗语。意思是:猫儿不在,老鼠玩得自在。也就是说,上司不在,部下就会轻松自在。所以 cat 是指任何有权威的人,mice 是指任何的部属。 (When the boss is absent, employees will usually do as they please.)(注意:cat 是用单数;mice是 用多数,因为一般家里,也许只养一只猫,但老鼠可不止一只吧!通常老板也只有一位,员工倒不止一位吧。) (mice 的单数是 mouse) 我们也可以说: If teen-agers are alone at home after school, it may be a case of the mice playing when the cat is away. (青少年放学後,如果父母不在,单独在家,就会无忧无虑,大玩特玩。) (虽然这句成语句型,稍加改变,但仍不失原意。) (15) Strike while the iron is hot. 这就是咱们所谓的「打铁趁热」。换句话说,就是机会一旦来临,一定要抓住,才能得到最好的结果。(to act at the best time to get the best results; or to grab the good opportunity whenever it presents itself) (也有人说成:Strike the iron when it is hot) 所以我们可以对年轻人说: If you want to get an advanced degree, you should strike while the iron is hot. (假如你想取得高学位,就应该打铁趁热。) (也就是马上进研究所「go to graduate school right away」) (16) Don‘t cut off your (one‘s) nose to spite your (one‘s) face. 照字面的意思是:不要割破你的鼻子,而动怒了你的脸孔。也就是说,不要因为一时对他人动怒,反而害了自己。即所谓「拿自己出气。」(one tries to hurt others, but eventually hurt oneself; or to make a situation worse for oneself when angry with someone) 假如你想陷害别人,结果反而害了自己。就可以说: If you try to hurt someone, you may end up cutting off your nose to spite your face. 或者说: You may be cutting off your nose to spite your face if you ignore your boss all the time. (如果你老是不理睬你的老板,将来反而对你不利。) (17) Beggars can‘t be choosers. 照字面的意思是:做乞丐的,就不能对获得的东西有所选择。(chooser 是选择者) 换言之,要饭的,就不能挑肥拣瘦,人家给什麽,都得接受。(needy people have to take whatever they can get;or don‘t criticize what you are given)(虽然 can‘t = can not, 但在这句成语里,老外爱用 can‘t) 所以我们可以说: When asking for help(donation),remember beggars can not be chooser. (当请求别人帮忙或乐捐时,就没有挑选的余地。) (人家给多少,就得拿多少。) |
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Cross your heart 你发誓
Gate - crasher 凡事看开些, 不要太冲动 Take it easy 不请自来的不速之客; 不要看得那么重 Make yourself comfortable 不用约束 (招待客人时说的话) You are all wet 你完全误会了 She is hangover 她昨夜喝醉了 It*s a matter of time 这是迟早的问题 She pulls out 她退出了 I have my limit 我的忍耐度有限 Don*t brush me off 不要敷衍我 Let*s get it straight 我们打开天窗说亮话吧 What you call this 你这算什么 How about a bite 随便吃些什么吧 You can count on me 你可以信得过我 He see things not people他论事不论人 We sand the same songs 我们志同道合 I hope you in the roll 我希望你也能来 Let*s go dutch 我们各付各的吧 What is bugging you 什么事使你心烦 Sworn brother 干兄弟, 盟兄弟 It*s dying art 这是已失传的手艺 Gentlemen agreement 君子协定 I*m trying to make ends meet 我尽力要使收支平衡 Speak of the devil 说曹操, 曹操就到 Keep in touch 保持联络 Don*t turn me down 不要拒绝我 Don*t let me down 别叫我失望 谋事在人成事在天 Man proposes and God disposes. 优胜劣败 The weakest goes to the wall. 声东击西 To look one way and row another. 脍炙人口 In everyone's mouth. 螳臂挡车 To kick against the pricks. 鞠躬尽瘁 To give the last measure of devotion. 聪明反被聪明误 To suffer for one's wisdom. 旧调重弹 To harp on the same string. 覆水难收 What's done cannot be undone. 转败为胜 To convert defeat into victory. 鞭长莫及 Beyond one's grasp. 严以责己宽以待人 To be svere with oneself and lenient with others. 铁石心肠 A heart of steel. 听天由命 To be guided by destiny. 骄者必败 Pride goes before a fall. 不战而屈人之兵 The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fight. Cross your heart 你发誓 Gate - crasher 凡事看开些, 不要太冲动 Take it easy 不请自来的不速之客; 不要看得那么重 Make yourself comfortable 不用约束 (招待客人时说的话) You are all wet 你完全误会了 She is hangover 她昨夜喝醉了 It*s a matter of time 这是迟早的问题 She pulls out 她退出了 I have my limit 我的忍耐度有限 Don*t brush me off 不要敷衍我 Let's get it straight 我们打开天窗说亮话吧 What you call this 你这算什么 How about a bite 随便吃些什么吧 You can count on me 你可以信得过我 He see things not people他论事不论人 We sand the same songs 我们志同道合 I hope you in the roll 我希望你也能来 Let's go dutch 我们各付各的吧 What is bugging you 什么事使你心烦 Sworn brother 干兄弟, 盟兄弟 It's dying art 这是已失传的手艺 Gentlemen agreement 君子协定 I'm trying to make ends meet 我尽力要使收支平衡 Speak of the devil 说曹操, 曹操就到 Keep in touch 保持联络 Don't turn me down 不要拒绝我 Don't let me down 别叫我失望 1. Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them. 富贵结朋友, 患难见真情 2. If you wish to be the best man, you must suffer the bitterest of the bitter. 吃得苦中苦, 方为人上人 3. It is better to fight for good than to fail at the ill. 宁为善而斗, 毋屈服于恶 4. He who has hope has everything. 怀有希望者, 便拥有一切 5. Self-trust is the first secret of success. 自信心是成功的首要关键 6. The secret of success is constancy of purpose. 成功的秘绝在于目标坚定有恒 7. Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties. 成功源于努力去克服困难 8. Experience is the extract of suffering. 经验是受苦的结晶 |
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